When an APAF-1 gene trap is introduced into cells, many morphological changes occur, such as spina bifida, the persistence of interdigital webs, and open brain.

When scientists transfer a gene from one cell into another cell in order to express the new genetic material as a protein in the recipient cell, the cDNA will be added to the recipient ( rather than the entire gene ), because the DNA for an entire gene may include DNA that does not code for the protein or that interrupts the coding sequence of the protein ( e. g., introns ).

When genes are inserted, they usually come from a different species, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer.

When afflicted individuals have an equal chance of being included in a study this is called truncate selection, signifying the inadvertent exclusion ( truncation ) of families who are carriers for a gene.

When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes.

When examined from the standpoint of gene selection, many biological phenomena that, in prior models, were difficult to explain become easier to understand.

When genome complexity is relatively high, like in the case of human genome, not only different genes, but also inside one gene there are gaps of introns to protect the entire coding segment to minimise the changes caused by mutation.

When a high correlation between the two is found, it is likely that the appropriate gene sequence is really closer.

When accelerated growth is present, it is thought to result from the duplication of the IGF1 receptor gene.

When AHL is detected, SdiA regulates the rck operon on the Salmonella virulence plasmid ( pefI-srgD-srgA-srgB-rck-srgC ) and a single gene horizontal acquisition in the chromosome srgE.

When Di-n-butyl phthalate ( DBP ), diisobutyl phthalate ( DiBP ), benzyl butyl phthalate ( BBP ), Bis ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate ( DEHP ) and di-n-pentyl phthalate ( DPP ) were combined, reductions in both testosterone synthesis and gene expression of steroidogenic pathway proteins were seen.

When the researchers sequenced the FOXP2 gene in the KE family they uncovered a heterozygous point mutation that was shared by all the affected individuals, but absent from unaffected members and a large panel of controls from the general population.

When 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and other research showed in 1989 that the bacterium did not belong in the genus Campylobacter, it was placed in its own genus, Helicobacter.

When raised at an elevated temperature, a single enhancer sometimes fails to drive the complete pattern of expression, whereas the presence of both enhancers permits normal gene expression.

When cultivating genetically modified ( GM ) plants or livestock, it becomes necessary to prevent " genetic pollution " i. e. their genetic modification from reaching other conventionally hybridized or wild native plant and animal populations by using gene flow mitigation usually through unintentional cross pollination and crossbreeding.

When a human disease gene has been recognized molecular genetics tools can be used to explore the process of the gene in both its normal and mutant states.

; DNA mapping: When working with a known species, and looking to sequence a gene at an unknown location, BLAST can compare the chromosomal position of the sequence of interest, to relevant sequences in the database ( s ).

When a sequence motif appears in the exon of a gene, it may encode the " structural motif " of a protein ; that is a stereotypical element of the overall structure of the protein.

When examining the chromosomes, Ritossa found a " puffing pattern " that indicated the elevated gene transcription of an unknown protein .< ref name =" pmid9222594 "> This was later described as the " Heat Shock Response " and the proteins were termed the " Heat Shock Proteins " ( Hsps ).

When the Nfa1 gene is expressed in nonpathogenic N. gruberi and the amoebae are cocultured with target tissue cells, the protein was was found to be located on the food cup which is responsible for ingestion of cells during feeding.

When studying gene expression, there are several methods to look at the various stages.

When they were closer and he saw that one was a woman, he was more puzzled than ever.

When the meal was ready, he told Jones to wash up, and going into the front room, woke the girl.

When they reached their neighbor's house, Pamela said a few polite words to Grace and kissed Melissa lightly on the forehead, the impulse prompted by a stray thought -- of the type to which she was frequently subject these days -- that they might never see one another again.

When he regained consciousness he was in Lord's house, in the office of Doctor Lord, the deputy's deceased father.

When it was followed by a second, whining even closer, Cobb swerved sharply aside into a depression.

When the sea was visible ahead of them, the relief was as great as if the sun had come out.

When she appeared at the store to help out for a few hours even my looking at her was surreptitious lest my Uncle notice it.

When our eyes met the air was filled with an unuttered message of `` Me, too ''.

`` When I was in college '', I grinned, `` I remember a poem I had to read in my lit class.

When they got to Shillong, in Assam, he was happy.

`` When I came up, damnit, I thought I was going down.

When he awoke in the mornings, she was in his mind and he could hardly wait to get to school to be near her in the flesh.

When he came back to the schoolhouse, his mind was made up.

When he finally left the sinister mansion on Perdido Street, he was carried out in a coroner's basket.

When he was eight he began violin lessons.

When the possibility that he had not given reconsideration to so weighty a decision seemed to disconcert his questioners, Mr. Eisenhower was known to make his characteristic statement to the press that he was not going to talk about the matter any more.

When he was stripped, deloused and numbered by his guards, his much-thumbed sketchbook was seized and thrown on a pile of prisoners' goods to be confiscated.

When her right hand was incapacitated by the rheumatism, Sadie learned to write with her left hand.

When Harold Arlen returned to California in the winter of 1944, it was to take up again a collaboration with Johnny Mercer, begun some years before.

When he was fifteen John H. Mercer turned out his first song, a jazzy little thing he called `` Sister Susie, Strut Your Stuff ''.

When he heard that Paul Whiteman was looking for singers to replace the Rhythm Boys, Mercer applied and got the job, `` not for my voice, I'm sure, but because I could write songs and material generally ''.