While many indigenous Amazonian people say they received the instructions directly from plants and plant spirits, researchers have devised a number of alternative theories to explain its discovery.

While slight variations on the standard code had been predicted earlier, none were discovered until 1979, when researchers studying human mitochondrial genes discovered they used an alternative code.

While there is no single " type " of organizational culture, some researchers have developed models to describe different organizational cultures.

While in-role performance tells managers or researchers how well the employee performs the required technical aspects of the job, extra-role performance includes behaviors not necessarily required as part of the job but still contribute to organizational effectiveness.

While slight variations on the standard code had been predicted earlier, none was discovered until 1979, when researchers studying human mitochondrial genes determined that they used an alternative code.

While changes to the chromosome caused by X-ray and mustard gas were readily observable to the early researchers, other changes to the DNA induced by other mutagens were not so easily observable, and the mechanism may be complex and takes longer to unravel.

While there is no documentary evidence connecting Oxford ( or any authorial candidate ) to the plays of Shakespeare, Oxfordian researchers, including Mark Anderson and Charlton Ogburn, believe the connection is provided by considerable circumstantial evidence inferred from Oxford's connections to the Elizabethan theatre and poetry scene ; the participation of his family in the printing and publication of the First Folio ; his relationship with the Earl of Southampton ( believed by most Shakespeare scholars to have been Shakespeare's patron ); as well as a number of specific incidents and circumstances of Oxford's life that Oxfordians believe are depicted in the plays themselves.

While the applicability of the quasispecies model to real organisms is still a matter of debate in the scientific community, some researchers believe that it accurately represents the evolution of high-mutation-rate viruses such as HIV and sometimes single genes or molecules within the genomes of other organisms.

While the existence of racial IQ gaps is well-documented and not subject to much dispute, there is no consensus among researchers as to their cause.

While women account for more than half of university graduates in several OECD countries, they receive only 30 % of tertiary degrees granted in science and engineering fields, and women account for only 25 % to 35 % of researchers in most OECD countries.

While medieval Indian artisans preferred to remain anonymous, Hoysala artisans signed their works, which has given researchers fascinating details about their lives, families, guilds, etc.

While working in the area, the researchers noticed a half-buried pot and some human remains.

While investigating this phenomenon, researchers discovered that static electricity could cause low-pressure air to glow.

While Fessenden's role as an inventor and early radio experimenter is not in dispute, several contemporary radio researchers have questioned whether the Christmas Eve broadcast took place, or whether the date was in fact several weeks earlier.

While some researchers believe that Alpers ' disease is caused by an underlying mitochondrial metabolic defect of POLG, no consistent defect has been identified.

While there are a number of reasons that researchers avoid special participants and sample only normal populations, these factors are important considerations in future replications of ganzfeld experiment, and may be useful in predicting the outcome of these studies.

While some of these measures may overlap, most researchers agree that they tap different constructs.

While early historians placed his approach to the Bay from the Pacific Ocean as coming over the San Carlos hills, present researchers believe this " discovery " actually occurred in present day Belmont.

While it's not known for sure who his biological father was, some researchers have theorized that his name was Patrick McCarty, Michael McCarty, William McCarty, or Edward McCarty.

While studying nonverbal communication, researchers noted that some subjects were able to read nonverbal facial cues before reinforcement occurred.

While the study was limited to California, the researchers indicated that the results were applicable anywhere in the United States.

While once referred to as Scotch-Irish by several researchers, that has now been superseded by the term Ulster Scots.

While Nim did learn 125 signs, Terrace concluded that he had not acquired anything the researchers were prepared to designate worthy of the name " language " ( as defined by Noam Chomsky ) although he had learned to repeat his trainers ' signs in appropriate contexts.

While the Spanish names are official, many users ( especially ecological researchers ) continue to use the older English names, principally because those were the names used when Charles Darwin visited.

While Councilman Olson cited the anticipated increase in school costs in answer to a direct question from a taxpayer, the impact upon a school system does not have to be measured only in increased taxes to find alarm in uncontrolled growth.

While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits, the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.

While observing the operations of our Government in various parts of the world, I have felt that in many situations where our policies were good we have tended to ignore minor problems which spoiled our main effort.

While many companies have done fine work in developing sales personnel, much of it has been product rather than sales training.

While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings of responsibility for his behavior.

While the interpretations that have been given are inferences only, they gain support from such comments as the following, which was made by one of the Kohnstamm-negative subjects who did not, on the first trial, perceive the tilt illusion.

While we had expected that compulsive children in the unstructured school setting would have difficulty when compared to those in the structured, we were surprised to find that the achievement of the high compulsives within the schools where the whole-word method is used in beginning reading compares favorably with that of the low compulsives.

While the U. S. Department of Labor has a program of projecting industry and occupational employment trends and publishing current outlook statements, there is little tangible evidence that these projections have been used extensively in local curriculum planning.

While the method of interviewing a small number of companies was appealing because of the opportunity it might have furnished to probe fully the reasons and circumstances of a company's practices and opinions, it also involved the risk of paying undue attention to the unique and peculiar problems of just a few individual companies.

While patent suits are still among the most complex and expensive forms of litigation, these rules have saved litigants uncounted sums of money.

While availability of mortgage money has been a factor in encouraging apartment construction, the generally high level of prosperity in the past few years plus rising consumer income are among the factors that have encouraged builders to concentrate in the apartment-building field.

The Japanese want to increase exports to the U.S. While they have been curbing shipments, they have watched Hong Kong step in and capture an expanding share of the big U.S. market.

While it must be said that these same Protestants have built some new churches during this period, and that religious population shifts have emptied churches, a principal reason for this phenomenon of redundancy is that fewer Protestants are going to church.

While ideas about altruism from one field can have an impact on the other fields, the different methods and focuses of these fields always lead to different perspectives on altruism.

While humans and other organisms generally place less value on future costs / benefits as compared to those in the present, some have shorter time horizons than others and these people tend to be less cooperative.

While cyanobacteria have been traditionally considered algae, recent works usually exclude them due to large differences such as the lack of membrane-bound organelles, the presence of a single circular chromosome, the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls, and ribosomes different in size and content from those of the Eukaryotes .< ref >

While most alphabets have letters composed of lines ( linear writing ), there are also exceptions such as the alphabets used in Braille, fingerspelling, and Morse code.

While the group only recorded one album together as the Analog Brothers, a few bootlegs of its live concert performances, including freestyles with original lyrics, have occasionally surfaced online.

While Miss Marple is described as ' an old lady ' in many of the stories, her age is mentioned in " At Bertram's Hotel ", where it is said she visited the hotel when she was 14 and almost 60 years have passed since then.

While much of the construction in these sites conforms to common Pueblo architectural forms, including Kivas, towers, and pit-houses, the space constrictions of these alcoves necessitated what seems to have been a far denser concentration of their populations.

While refuting reincarnation, the Saadia Gaon further states that Jews who hold to reincarnation have adopted non-Jewish beliefs.

While Renaissance artists sought nature to find their style, the Mannerists looked first for a style and found a manner. In Mannerist paintings, compositions can have no focal point, space can be ambiguous, figures can be characterized by an athletic bending and twisting with distortions, exaggerations, an elastic elongation of the limbs, bizarre posturing on one hand, graceful posturing on the other hand, and a rendering of the heads as uniformly small and oval.