Dummett's writings on anti-realism also draw heavily on the later writings of Wittgenstein concerning meaning and rule following.

( In addition to fueling Moore's own work, the " Here is one hand " argument also deeply influenced Wittgenstein, who spent his last years working out a new approach to Moore's argument in the remarks that were published posthumously as On Certainty.

In addition to Moore's own work on the paradox, the puzzle also inspired a great deal of work by Ludwig Wittgenstein, who described the paradox as the most impressive philosophical insight that Moore had ever introduced.

In July 1808, Napoleon issued a decree that everyone, including Jews, must adopt an inheritable family surname, and so Meier's son, also Moses, took the name of his employers, the Sayn-Wittgensteins, and became Moses Meier Wittgenstein.

His son, Hermann Christian Wittgenstein — who took the middle name " Christian " to distance himself from his Jewish background — married Fanny Figdor, also Jewish, who converted to Protestantism just before they married, and the couple founded a successful business trading in wool in Leipzig.

Analytic philosophy of religion has also been preoccupied with Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as his interpretation of Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy of religion.

Wittgenstein also gives the example of " Water!

Wittgenstein also ponders the possibility of a language which talks about those things which are known only to the user, whose content is inherently private.

Wittgenstein also argues that one couldn't possibly use the words of a private language.

Wittgenstein has also said that " language is inherent and transcendental ", which is also not difficult to understand, since we can only comprehend and explain transcendental affairs through language.

This concept of form / substance / essence, which we've now collapsed into one, being presented as potential is also held by Wittgenstein, apparently ...

Wittgenstein also mentions the will, life after death, and God ; arguing that " When the answer cannot be put into words, neither can the question be put into words ".

" He has also contributed an original reading of Wittgenstein, referred to as " Kripkenstein.

However, the university has also contributed in other fields, such as by the work of mathematicians Paul Erdős, Horace Lamb and Alan Turing ; author Anthony Burgess ; philosophers Samuel Alexander, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Alasdair MacIntyre ; the Pritzker Prize and RIBA Stirling Prize winning architect Norman Foster and composer Peter Maxwell Davies all attended, or worked in, Manchester.

Pianists born after Wittgenstein who for one reason or another have lost the use of their right hands, such as Leon Fleisher ( although he eventually recovered his right hand's abilities ) and João Carlos Martins, have also played works composed for him.

The philosophy is also sometimes associated with the views of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Robin Gandy and J. Hjelmslev.

His work has been also heavily influenced by, among others, Ludwig Wittgenstein, P. F. Strawson, David Wiggins, and, especially, Wilfrid Sellars.

Aphoristic collections also make up an important part of the work of some modern authors, such as Josemaría Escrivá ( compiled from other spiritual authors ), Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Franz Kafka, Karl Kraus, Montaigne, La Rouchefoucauld, Stanislaw Jerzy Lec, Andrzej Majewski, Mikhail Turovsky, Antonio Porchia, Celia Green, Robert A. Heinlein, Blaise Pascal, E. M. Cioran and Oscar Wilde.

The later Ludwig Wittgenstein was also an important inspiration for eliminativism, particularly with his attack on " private objects " as " grammatical fictions ".

Post also devised truth tables independently of Wittgenstein and C. S.

Drury was the author of " The danger of words and writings on Wittgenstein " ( ISBN 1-84371-045-5, also published as " The Danger of Words ") and " Conversations avec Ludwig Wittgenstein " with Jean-Pierre Cometti ( ISBN 2-13-051558-4 ).

William James and Wittgenstein also discussed what is basically the Euthyphro dilemma, but they did not name it either.

But Sapir had since become influenced by a current of logical positivism, such as that of Bertrand Russel and the early Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly through Ogden and Richards ' The Meaning of Meaning, from which he adopted the a view that natural language potentially obscures, rather than facilitates, the mind to perceive and describe the world as it really is.

It was greatly influenced by the writings of Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche in the 19th century and other early-to-mid 20th-century philosophers, including phenomenologists Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, structuralist Roland Barthes, and the language / logic philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Von Foerster was influenced by the Vienna Circle and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The therapeutic or deflationary philosopher, influenced by the later philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, reconciles people to the dependence of our worldview on our " form of life ".

When Ludwig Wittgenstein ( 1889 – 1951 ), Austrian-British philosopher and mathematician, moving from Berlin to England, began studying mechanical engineering in 1908, he was highly influenced by his reading of Renaissance technical treatises, particularly Veranzio's Machinae Novae.

Russell was much influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, as an introductory note explicitly acknowledges.

Despite his discontent with most academic philosophy at his time, Geertz was largely influenced by two philosophers: Gilbert Ryle and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

Spencer-Brown was influenced by Wittgenstein and R. D. Laing.

Also, his theory on masochism is still now widely proposed by doctors. Nietzsche, Popper, Wittgenstein, Tolstoy, Jung, Borges, D. H. Lawrence, Camus, Beckett, Mahler and Wagner were all strongly influenced by his work.

The later poets Claude Royet-Journoud, Anne-Marie Albiach, Emmanuel Hocquard, and to a degree Jean Daive, describe a shift from Heidegger to Ludwig Wittgenstein and a reevaluation of Mallarmé's notion of fiction and theatricality ; these poets were also influenced by certain English-language modern poets ( such as Ezra Pound, Louis Zukofsky, William Carlos Williams, and George Oppen ) along with certain American postmodern and avant garde poets loosely grouped around the language poetry movement.

He combined a commitment to the thought of Aquinas and Wittgenstein with a socialist political stance, influenced by Marxism.

The later poets Claude Royet-Journoud, Anne-Marie Albiach, Emmanuel Hocquard, and to a degree Jean Daive, describe a shift from Heidegger to Ludwig Wittgenstein and a reevalution of Mallarmé's notion of fiction and theatricality ; these poets were also influenced by certain English-language modern poets ( such as Ezra Pound, Louis Zukofsky, William Carlos Williams, and George Oppen ) along with certain American postmodern and avant garde poets loosely grouped around the language poetry movement ( such as Michael Palmer, Keith Waldrop and Susan Howe ; with her husband Keith Waldrop, Rosmarie Waldrop has a profound association with these poets, due in no small measure to her translations of Edmond Jabès and the prose of Paul Celan into English ).

John Maynard Keynes wrote his dissertation on non-demonstrative reasoning, and influenced the thinking of Ludwig Wittgenstein on this subject.

Logical empiricism ( aka logical positivism or neopositivism ) was an early 20th century attempt to synthesize the essential ideas of British empiricism ( e. g. a strong emphasis on sensory experience as the basis for knowledge ) with certain insights from mathematical logic that had been developed by Gottlob Frege and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

In early theories of logical atomism, the formal relationship between facts and true propositions was theorized by Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein to be isomorphic.

The early Wittgenstein was concerned with the logical relationship between propositions and the world, and believed that by providing an account of the logic underlying this relationship he had solved all philosophical problems.

The main influences on the early logical positivists were the positivist Ernst Mach, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell and the young Ludwig Wittgenstein.

In the years between the two works Wittgenstein came to reject the idea that underpinned logical atomism, that there were ultimate " simples " from which a language should, or even could, be constructed.

" Wittgenstein was insisting that a proposition and that which it describes must have the same ' logical form ', the same ' logical multiplicity ', Sraffa made a gesture, familiar to Neapolitans as meaning something like disgust or contempt, of brushing the underneath of his chin with an outward sweep of the finger-tips of one hand.

To a logical purist of Wittgenstein and Sraffa class, the Marshallian partial equilibrium box of constant cost is even more empty than the box of increasing cost.

The philosophical significance of such a method for Wittgenstein was that it alleviated a confusion, namely the idea that logical inferences are justified by rules.

This is in fact a well-known logical theorem produced by Henry M. Sheffer, of which Wittgenstein makes use.

Wittgenstein believed that the parts of the logical structure of thought must somehow correspond to words as parts of the logical structure of propositions, although he did not know exactly how.

Although Wittgenstein did not use the term himself, his metaphysical view throughout the Tractatus is commonly referred to as logical atomism.

By objects, Wittgenstein did not mean physical objects in the world, but the absolute base of logical analysis, that can be combined but not divided ( TLP 2. 02 – 2. 0201 ).

The group considered themselves logical positivists because they believed all knowledge is either derived through experience or arrived at through analytic statements, and they adopted the predicate logic of Frege, as well as the early work of Ludwig Wittgenstein ( 1889 – 1951 ) as foundations to their work.

Members of the Vienna Circle had a common attitude towards philosophy, consisting of an applied logical positivism drawn from Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus formed the basis for the group's philosophy ( although Wittgenstein himself insisted that logical positivism was a gross misreading of his thinking, and took to reading poetry during meetings of the Vienna Circle ).

In the 1960s, Austin ( at Oxford ) and Ludwig Wittgenstein ( at Cambridge ) were the two most influential figures in post-World War II Anglo-American linguistic philosophy, a time when many Anglo-American philosophers abandoned logical positivism in favor of the more sophisticated ordinary language philosophy.

At the time Russell delivered his lectures on logical atomism, he had lost contact with Wittgenstein.

Although Wittgenstein did not use the expression Logical Atomism, the book espouses most of Russell's logical atomism except for Russell's Theory of Knowledge ( T 5. 4 and 5. 5541 ).

Waismann later accused Wittgenstein of obscurantism because of what he considered to be his betrayal of the project of logical positivism and empirically-based explanation.