Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic institution or agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted.

The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century.

Xeer is defined by a few fundamental tenets that are immutable and which closely approximate the principle of jus cogens in international law: These precepts include: a ) payment of blood money ( locally referred to as diya ) for libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as supplying assistance to relatives ; b ) assuring good inter-clan relations by treating women justly, negotiating with " peace emissaries " in good faith, and sparing the lives of socially protected groups " Birr Magaydo ," ( e. g. children, women, the pious, poets, messengers, sheikhs, and guests ); c ) family obligations such as the payment of dowry, and sanctions for eloping ; d ) rules pertaining to the management of resources such as the use of pasture land, water, and other natural resources ; e ) providing financial support to married female relatives and newlyweds ; f ) donating livestock and other assets to the poor.

In Somalia, levirate marriage is practiced, and provisions are made under Somali customary law or Xeer with regard to bride price ( yarad ).

In the Somali people's customary law, which they call Xeer ( a polycentric legal system developed indigenously ), blood money is issued in the event of libel, theft, physical harm, rape and death, as well as to supply assistance to relatives of the injured party.

Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted.

The Xeer legal system is assumed to have developed exclusively in the Horn of Africa since approximately the 7th century.

The fact that Somali legal terminology is practically devoid of loan words from foreign languages suggests that Xeer is truly indigenous.

Economist Peter Leeson attributes the increase in economic activity since the fall of the Siad Barre administration to the security in life, liberty and property provided by Xeer in large parts of Somalia.

Somalis have for centuries practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer.

Libertarian economist Peter T. Leeson attributes this increased economic activity to the Somali customary law ( referred to as Xeer ), which he suggests provides a stable environment to conduct business in.

Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer.

The Somali people in the Horn of Africa follow a customary law system referred to as Xeer.

A new South is emerging after the post-bellum years of hesitation, uncertainty, and lack of action from the Negro in defining his new role in the amorphously defined socio-political organizations of the white man.

A small business is defined as one which is independently owned and operated and which is not dominant in its field.

Field shifts were derived from the mean value of the resonance line, defined as the field about which the first moment is zero.

Dirt, which is here defined as particulate material which is usually inorganic and is very often extremely finely divided so as to exhibit colloidal properties.

The international unit is equipotent with the USP unit adopted in 1952, which was defined as the amount of activity present in 20 mg of the USP reference substance.

The function f{t} defined in this way is multi-valued.

In some neighborhood of an isolated tangent point in the f-plane, say Af, the function Af is either double-valued or has no values defined, except at the tangent point itself, where it is single-valued.

Suppose Af is defined in the sub-interval Af.

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit.

The positive Kohnstamm reactivity in Condition 1 ( ( the naive state ) is not adequately explained by such a concept as suggestibility ( if suggestibility is defined as the influence on behavior by verbal cues ).

For example, property `` used in the trade or business '' of a transferor corporation, as defined in section 1231, presumably would not retain its special status following a non-taxable reorganization if it is not so used in the business of the acquiring corporation.

Planes defined as parallel to the surface also cut through it into real space, and a depth is suggested optically which is greater than that established pictorially.

**yc is defined by the geometry of the knife ; ;

The gyro angular momentum is defined by H.

But since this is a world in which people disagree about ends and goals and concerning justice and injustice, and since, in a situation where direct action and economic pressure are called for, the justice of the matter has either not been clearly defined by law or the law is not effectively present, there has to be a morality of means applied in every case in which people take it upon themselves to use economic pressures or other forms of force.

Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful ,< ref name =" definition ">

It is possible, although highly doubtful, that he killed none at all but merely let his reputation work for him by privately claiming every unsolved murder in the state.

The place is inhabited by several hundred warlike women who are anachronisms of the Twentieth Century -- stone age amazons who live in an all-female, matriarchal society which is self-sufficient ''.

since Bourbon whiskey, though of Kentucky origin, is at least as much favored by liberals in the North as by conservatives in the South.

In fact it has caused us to give serious thought to moving our residence south, because it is not easy for the most objective Southerner to sit calmly by when his host is telling a roomful of people that the only way to deal with Southerners who oppose integration is to send in troops and shoot the bastards down.

But apart from racial problems, the old unreconstructed South -- to use the moderate words favored by Mr. Thomas Griffith -- finds itself unsympathetic to most of what is different about the civilization of the North.

The two main charges levelled against the Bourbons by liberals is that they are racists and social reactionaries.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

Ratified in the Republican Party victory in 1952, the Positive State is now evidenced by political campaigns being waged not on whether but on how much social legislation there should be.

He was, and is, with the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit pool of thinkers financed by the U.S. Air Force.

They are huge areas which have been swept by winds for so many centuries that there is no soil left, but only deep bare ridges fifty or sixty yards apart with ravines between them thirty or forty feet deep and the only thing that moves is a scuttling layer of sand.

It is softened by the saltbush and the bluebush, has a peaceful quality, the hills roll softly.

On Fridays, the day when many Persians relax with poetry, talk, and a samovar, people do not, it is true, stream into Chehel Sotun -- a pavilion and garden built by Shah Abbas 2, in the seventeenth century -- but they do retire into hundreds of pavilions throughout the city and up the river valley, which are smaller, more humble copies of the former.

Poetry in Persian life is far more than a common ground on which -- in a society deeply fissured by antagonisms -- all may stand.

Nostalgic Yankee readers of Erskine Caldwell are today informed by proud Georgians that Tobacco Road is buried beneath a four-lane super highway, over which travel each day suburbanite businessmen more concerned with the Dow-Jones average than with the cotton crop.

All but the most rabid of Confederate flag wavers admit that the Old Southern tradition is defunct in actuality and sigh that its passing was accompanied by the disappearance of many genteel and aristocratic traditions of the reputedly languid ante-bellum way of life.

Westbrook further bemoans the Southern writers' creation of an unreal image of their homeland, which is too readily assimilated by both foreign readers and visiting Yankees: `` Our northerner is suspicious of all this crass evidence ( of urbanization ) presented to his senses.

As his disciples boast, even though his emphasis is elsewhere, Faulkner does show his awareness of the changing order of the South quite keenly, as can be proven by a quick recalling of his Sartoris and Snopes families.

The unit of form is determined subjectively: `` the Heart, by the way of the Breath, to the Line ''.