Zionism (, Tsiyonut ) is a form of nationalism of Jews and Jewish culture that supports a Jewish nation state in territory defined as the Land of Israel.

It supports the Cuban Revolution and the withdrawal of Canada from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) and North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ), the independence of Quebec and is opposed to Zionism.

William Reginald Hall, British Director of Naval Intelligence criticized the agreement on the basis that " the Jews have a strong material, and a very strong political, interest in the future of the country " and that " in the Brown area the question of Zionism, and also of British control of all Palestine railways, in the interest of Egypt, have to be considered ".

Zionism attracted Jews of all kinds ; religious, secular, nationalists and left-wing socialists.

Amal Saad-Ghorayeb, a Lebanese political analyst, argues that although Zionism has influenced Hezbollah's anti-Judaism, " it is not contingent upon it " because Hezbollah's hatred of Jews is more religiously motivated than politically motivated.

* 1950 – Zionism: the Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.

The General Assembly also adopted policies rejecting Christian Zionism and allowing the continued funding of conversionary activities aimed at Jews.

He later claimed to have sought a better understanding of Judaism and Zionism by engaging in discussions with Jews and reading publications by Theodor Herzl and other prominent Zionists.

Readings of the founders of Zionism shows that they lived in the same Europe which spawned fascism and Naziism, and they adopted the anti-Jewish view that Jews did not belong in Europe as the core of their ideology.

Between Haredi Judaism and National Religious or Religious Zionist Judaism, there is also a category of Orthodox Jews known as ' Hardalim ', who combine Religious Zionism with a stricter adherence to Halacha.

Many Odessan Jews fled abroad, particularly to Ottoman Palestine after 1882, and the city became an important base of support for Zionism.

Beginning in the late 19th century, the term " Hebrew " became popular among secular Zionists ; in this context the word alluded to the transformation of the Jews into a strong, independent, self-confident secular national group (" the New Jew ") sought by classical Zionism.

Thus Birobidzhan was important for propaganda purposes as an argument against Zionism which was a rival ideology to Marxism among left-wing Jews.

* Some Israeli Jews, including politicians, rabbis, journalists and historians, have referred to the Arab citizens of Israel ( who compose approximately 20 % of Israel's population ) as a potential fifth column on the ostensible grounds that Arab-Israelis frequently identify more with the Palestinian cause than with the State of Israel or Zionism.

" Reviewer Sheldon Richman explains that for Shahak, Zionism was both a reflection of, and capitulation to, European antisemitism, " since it, like the anti-Semites, holds that Jews are everywhere aliens who would best be isolated from the rest of the world.

For those within Haredi Judaism, who favour ascribing causes, some blame the Holocaust on the abandonment of many European Jews of traditional Judaism, and their embrace of other ideologies such as Socialism, Zionism, or various non-Orthodox Jewish movements.

Others suggest that God allowed the Nazis to persecute the Jews because Orthodox European Jews did not do enough to fight these trends, or did not support Zionism.

Before World War II, Deutscher opposed Zionism as economically retrograde and harmful to the cause of international socialism, but in the aftermath of the Holocaust he regretted his pre-war views, and argued a case for establishing Israel as a " historic necessity " to provide a home for the surviving Jews of Europe.

He was a fierce critic of secular Zionism and a proponent of Jews taking on factory work and farming.

A strong German nationalist, Rathenau was a leading proponent of a policy of assimilation for German Jews: he argued that Jews should oppose both Zionism and socialism and fully integrate themselves into mainstream German society.

While upholding and adjusting their individual movement ideologies, diaspora movements commonly idealise Jewish continuity and identity in opposition to cultural assimilation, and Zionism in the way of an active community involvement while living in Israel ( termed by some as aliyah nimshechet or continuing ascent ), with importance placed upon leadership skills and personal development.

PDFLP poster ( 1965 ), the caption of which reads: " Solidarity with the people of the Middle East in their struggle against imperialism, feudalism, Zionism and Arab reaction " In 1969, a faction of the left-wing Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ) broke away from the main organization to form the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PDFLP ).

" The rise of Christian Zionism — that is, religiously motivated Christian interest and support for the state of Israel — along with a growth of philo-Semitism ( love of the Jewish people ) has increased interest among American Evangelicals in Judaism, especially areas of commonality with their own beliefs, see also Jerusalem in Christianity.

British express interest in Zionism, and describe their main intent of developing a Jewish National Home.

Canada, followed by the U. S. and Israel walked out midway through the 2001 conference over a draft resolution that, in their opinion, singled out Israel for criticism and likened Zionism to racism.

As both traditions encountered the secularising forces of Haskalah ( Enlightenment ), and political Socialism and Zionism, they reacted with a diversity of views, that today influence their different forms of Jewish thought and life.

He also stated that the Allies were committed to Zionism and had no intention of honoring their promises to the Arabs.

" He stated that American ’ s support for Zionism was due to their hearing “ only what the Zionist-controlled media and politicians have let them know ” and the failure of Palestinians to be " frank and direct with the people of America and the world, preferring to work with corrupt governments in the Muslim world or with power-hungry revolutionary movements.

Initially, the conflict with Zionism helped to make Palestinian Arab society more conservative in cultural, social, religious and political affairs because people were highly motivated to preserve their distinct heritage and identity against the dual impact of British colonialism and Jewish innovation.

Jewish support for Zionism had increased largely because Jews began to desire their own state.

" This description is often offensive to Zionist Jews who otherwise find some common ground with Christian Zionism in their support of an ethnic Jewish state in the Holy Land.

Modern Christian Zionism is a politically potent consequence of this religious interest in the modern state of Israel, as contemporary events are interpreted in light of their relationship to biblical prophecy.

*" Shorn of its pseudo-political and spiritual claims and pretensions, Zionism can be seen for what it really is: nothing more than an aggressive minority movement aiming at the subjugation of the majority and the usurpation of their country.

On January 24, 2008, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Louise Arbour welcomed the entry into force of the Arab Charter on Human Rights which states: Article 2 ( 3 ) All forms of racism, Zionism and foreign occupation and domination constitute an impediment to human dignity and a major barrier to the exercise of the fundamental rights of peoples ; all such practices must be condemned and efforts must be deployed for their elimination.

According to Wasserstein, " He is remembered kindly neither by the majority of Zionist historians, who tend to regard him as one of the originators of the process whereby the Balfour Declaration in favour of Zionism was gradually diluted and ultimately betrayed by Great Britain, nor by Arab nationalists who regard him as a personification of the alliance between Zionism and British imperialism and as one of those responsible for the displacement of the Palestinian Arabs from their homeland.

The entire old generation is infected with Zionism and they teach their youth.

SA claims that they have " supported innumerable protests against anti-Semitic bigots such as the Holocaust denier David Irving " and believes that Israel's most strident critics are often Jewish themselves, citing Jewish Marxists Leon Trotsky and Rosa Luxemburg in their opposition to Zionism, who saw it as a pro-imperialist ideology.

Turning to their forbearers, Rabbi Chaim Brisker is quoted with some harsh statements against Zionism, though he lived in an era when Haredi anti-Zionism was far more prevalent.

Thus, given how the world has changed in the 20th century, and given the strong and varied views of their descendants, the views of Rabbi Chaim Brisker and the Beis HaLevi on Zionism, secular education, religious feminism, and modernism in general, are topics of current discussion.

Views regarding Zionism among those either identified or self-identified as being among the Jewish left can be quite varied, and are often independent of their other political and social views.

The three visit first Herzl and then Trumpeldor, two famous promoters of Zionism, and find each to be a far cry from their idealized images.

Indeed, they viewed atheistic communism, Jewish Zionism, and Western " Crusader-minded " Christianity as their main enemies, which were responsible for the decadence that led to foreign domination and defeat by Zionists.