fr: Jabir Ibn Hayyan

fr: Ali Ibn Isa

fr: Ibn Ishaq

fr: Mohammed Ibn Saoud

fr: Ahmad Ibn Hanbal

fr: Moussa Ibn Noçaïr

fr: Oussama Ibn Mounqidh

fr: Ibn Kathir

fr: Wassil Ibn Ata

fr: Ibn al-Muqaffa

fr: Al Mutamid Ibn Abbad

fr: Ibn Tibbon

fr: Ibn Yunus

fr: Ibn Hichâm

fr: Ibn al-Athîr

fr: Ibn Khallikan

fr: Ibn Hazm

fr: Abu Bakr Ibn Omar

fr: Ibn al-Thahabi

fr: Abbas Ibn Firnas

fr: Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim Al-Ghazi

fr: Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

fr: Mohamed Ibn Sirine

fr: Mosquée Ibn Touloun

Also notable are works of universal history ( or sociology ) from Asharites, al-Tabri, al-Masudi, Tabari's History of the Prophets and Kings, Ibn Rustah, al-Athir, and Ibn Khaldun, whose Muqadimmah contains cautions regarding trust in written records that remain wholly applicable today.

As for the Vikings in the east, Ibn Rustah notes their cleanliness in carrying clean clothes, whereas Ibn Fadlan is disgusted by all of the men sharing the same, used vessel to wash their faces and blow their noses in the morning.

One fringe theory has it that it was the island described by Ibn Rustah as the seat of the khagan of the Rus '.

In that, his impressions contrast those of the Persian traveler Ibn Rustah.

Ibn Rustah, a contemporary of Al Balkhi, observed that Bashkirs were an independent people occupying territories on both sides of the Ural mountain ridge between Volga, Kama, Tobol and upstream of the Yaik river.

Circa 903, the Muslim writer Ibn Rustah was so impressed with the wealth of Srivijaya's ruler that he declared one would not hear of a king who was richer, stronger or with more revenue.

Ibn Rustah ( in Persian: احمد ابن رسته اصفهانی-Aḥmad ebn Roste Eṣfahānī, also spelled Ibn Rusta, Ibn Ruste ) was a 10th century Persian explorer and geographer born in Rosta district, Isfahan, Persia.

Ibn Rustah states that, while for other lands he had to depend on second-hand reports, often acquired with great difficulty and with no means of checking their veracity, for Isfahan he could use his own experience and observations or statements from others known to be reliable.

About a certain king of the Caucasus Ibn Rustah wrote:

* Ibn Rustah, Encyclopaedia Iranica, C. E.

* Ibn Rustah, Kitāb al-A ' lāk an-Nafīsa, ed.

* In sources written in Arabic, the Magyars are mentioned as Madjfarīyah or Madjgharīyah ( e. g., by Ahmad ibn Rustah ), Badjghird or Bazkirda ( e. g., by al-Mas ’ udi ), Unkalī ( e. g., by al-Tartushi ), and Turk ( e. g., by Ibn Hayyan ).

The Persian explorer Ibn Rustah was a native of Rosta.

Both of them used the notes of Ibn Harrudadbhi, called Roads and Countries as there sources, but Ahmad ibn Rustah used an older and Gardīzī used a newer one, so Gardīzī's texts contain plus information as well.

The Persian traveller Ibn Rustah described how Swedish Vikings, the Varangians or Rus, terrorized and enslaved the Slavs.