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fr: Innocent VII
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The start of the political downfall of the Directory is usually dated from 18 June 1799, (< span lang =" fr "> 30 Prairial Year VII </ span > by the French Republican calendar ) when < span lang =" fr "> Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès </ span > with the help of < span lang =" fr "> Paul Barras </ span > successfully rid himself of the other then-sitting directors.
fr: Constantin VII Porphyrogénète
fr: Baudouin VII de Flandre
fr: Jean VII ( pape )
fr: Sanche VII de Navarre
fr: Starman VII
Innocent and VII
" Although he did not fare so well during the reign of Innocent X, under Alexander VII, he once again regained pre-eminent artistic domination and continued to be held in high regard by Clement IX.
* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
When Innocent X died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected pope after eighty days in the conclave, on 7 April 1655, taking the name of Alexander VII.
He became apostolic protonotary under Pope Urban VI ( 1378 – 89 ), and was created Cardinal-Deacon of San Giorgio al Velabro by Pope Innocent VII in 1405.
The successor of Pope Honorius III, he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his cousin Pope Innocent III, and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.
He succeeded Pope Innocent VII on 30 November 1406.
Pope Innocent VII ( probably1339 – 6 November 1406 ), born Cosimo de ' Migliorati, was briefly Pope at Rome between 1404 and 1406 during the period of the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) while there was a rival Pope, Antipope Benedict XIII, at Avignon.
Migliorati was unanimously chosen – by eight cardinals – on 17 October 1404 and took the name of Innocent VII.
For his services the king extorted various concessions from Innocent VII, among them the promise that he would not reach any accommodation with the rival Pope in Avignon that would compromise Ladislas ' claims to Naples, which had been challenged until very recently by Louis II of Anjou.
That suited Innocent VII, who had no intention of reaching an agreement with Avignon that would compromise his claims to the Papal States.
Thus Innocent VII was laid under embarrassing obligations, from which he freed himself.
Innocent VII had made the great mistake of elevating his highly unsuitable cardinal-nephew Ludovico Migliorati – a colorful condottiero formerly in the pay of Giangaleazzo Visconti of Milan – to the cardinalate, an act of nepotism that cost him dearly.
His protector Ladislaus sent a squad of troops to quell the riots, and by January 1406 the Romans again acknowledged Papal temporal authority, and Innocent VII felt able to return.
( In March, Innocent VII made Ludovico a marchese and conte di Fermo.
Shortly after his accession in 1404 Innocent VII took steps to keep his oath by proclaiming a council.
Under the current circumstances, Innocent VII could not guarantee safe passage to his rival Benedict XIII in the event he came to the council in Rome.
Nonetheless, Benedict made it appear that the only obstacle to the termination of the Western Schism was the unwillingness of Innocent VII.
It is said that Innocent VII planned the restoration of the Roman University, but his death brought an end to such talk.
sw: Papa Innocent VII
simple: Pope Innocent VII
* April 7 – Pope Alexander VII, born Fabio Chigi, succeeds Pope Innocent X as the 237th pope.
** Pope Innocent VII ( d. 1406 )
On the elevation of Innocent VII to the papal throne in 1404, Matthew greeted him on behalf of Ruprecht.
* October 17 – Pope Innocent VII succeeds Pope Boniface IX as the 204th pope.
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