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Before the advent of copyright, anonymous and pseudonymous publication was a common practice in the sixteenth century publishing world, and a passage in the Arte of English Poesie ( 1589 ), the leading work of literary criticism of the Elizabethan period and an anonymously published work itself, mentions in passing that literary figures in the court who wrote " commendably well " circulated their poetry only among their friends, " as if it were a discredit for a gentleman to seem learned " ( Book 1, Chapter 8 ).
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Before and advent
Before the advent of printing, breviaries were written by hand and were often richly decorated with initials and miniature illustrations telling stories in the lives of Christ or the saints, or stories from the Bible.
Before the advent of rock and roll, concept albums had their original heyday in jazz of the early to mid ' 50s with artists such as Nat King Cole and Frank Sinatra, the latter of whom would record numerous concept albums for Capitol throughout the last half of the ' 50s such as In the Wee Small Hours, Come Fly with Me, Where Are You?
Before the advent of fast computing machines, solving a dynamical system required sophisticated mathematical techniques and could be accomplished only for a small class of dynamical systems.
Before the advent of government-funded public schools, the primary mode of education for those of the lower classes was the charity school, pioneered during the 19th century by Protestant organizations and adapted for use by the Roman Catholic Church and governmental bodies.
Before the advent of computer filter synthesis tools, graphical tools such as Bode plots and Nyquist plots were extensively used as design tools.
Before the advent of machine tools, metal was worked manually using the basic hand tools of hammers, files, scrapers, saws and chisels.
Before the advent of modern computers numerical methods often depended on hand interpolation in large printed tables.
Before the advent of wax candles in the 14th century, this office was said in the dark or with minimal lighting ; and monks were expected to memorise everything.
Before the advent of direct-dialed long distance calls, a subscriber would need to contact the long-distance operator in order to place a toll call.
Before the advent of the pocket calculator, it was the most commonly used calculation tool in science and engineering.
Before the advent of the British, no empire based in mainland India had controlled any part of what now makes up the country's Northeast, part of the reason for the ongoing insurgency in Northeast India.
Before the advent of modern antibiotics, oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages.
Before the advent of the touchpad, small trackballs were common on portable computers, where there may be no desk space on which to run a mouse.
" Before the advent of Islam, the city was known as Yathrib but was personally renamed by Muhammad.
Before the advent of the CCD beam profiler, the beam width was estimated using the knife-edge technique: slice a laser beam with a razor and measure the power of the clipped beam as a function of the razor position.
Before the advent of DVD and Blu-ray, the Video CD ( abbreviated as VCD, and also known as View CD, Compact Disc digital video ) became the first format for distributing films on standard 120 mm optical discs.
Before the advent of artificial refrigeration, Madeira wine was particularly prized in areas where it was impractical to construct wine cellars ( as in parts of the southern United States ) because, unlike many other fine wines, it could survive being stored over hot summers without significant damage.
Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a traumatically painful procedure and surgeons were encouraged to be as swift as possible to minimize patient suffering.
Before the advent of VLSI devices, TTL integrated circuits were a standard method of construction for the processors of mini-computer and mainframe processors ; such as the DEC VAX and Data General Eclipse, and for equipment such as machine tool numerical controls, printers and video display terminals.
Before the advent of modern pipes, water was brought from an outdoor source such as wells, pumps or springs.
Before the advent of disk operating systems and the ability to record large data files, core dumps were paper printouts of the contents of memory, typically arranged in columns of octal or hexadecimal numbers ( a " hex dump "), sometimes accompanied by their interpretations as machine language instructions, text strings, or decimal or floating-point numbers ( cf.
Before the advent of the modern critical edition of historical Roman works, AUC was indiscriminately added to them by earlier editors, making it appear more widely used than it actually was.
Before the advent of the codex ( book ), Latin and Greek script was written on scrolls.
Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters.
Before and copyright
Before the internet, copies of any work were the trigger for copyright law, but Lessig raises the point of whether copies should always be the trigger, especially when considering the way digital media sharing works.
Before releasing the film, Else contacted The Simpsonss creator, Matt Groening for copyright permission.
Before 1978, U. S. copyright law required works to include the word " Copyright ", the abbreviation " Copr.
Before his death, Carroll encountered some legal trouble over copyright and ownership issues, regarding his book of old photographs of Glenn Gould ( Glenn Gould: Some Portraits of the Artist as a Young Man, 1994 ) which he had snapped in 1956 as part of a magazine article.
Before launching Warrior, Skinn contacted writer Alan Moore, telling him that " Marvelman's copyright had belonged to the publisher L. Miller & Son, ... that they had gone bankrupt in 1963 and that the rights to Marvelman had passed to the Official Receiver therefore could be purchased for a very small amount ...”; and asked Moore if he “ would ... like to ... contribute to this new retelling of Marvelman .”
In 1992, writers Sharon Taber and Ron Gonzalez filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Carey and Afanasieff citing that " Can't Let Go " was taken from their unknown song, " Right Before My Eyes ".
Before and anonymous
Before the end of his first season on Ally McBeal, over the Thanksgiving 2000 holiday, Downey was arrested when his room at Merv Griffin's Hotel and Givenchy Spa in Palm Springs, California was searched by the police, who were responding to an anonymous 911 call.
Before this he sends CJ an anonymous threat containing the words " blood will flow ", dumping loganberry essence into a stream while CJ is angling.
Before the 1900s, the following tangos were being played: " El queco " ( anonymous, attributed to clarinetist Lino Galeano in 1885 ), " Señora casera " ( anonymous 1880 ), " Andate a la recoleta " ( anonymous 1880 ), " El Porteñito " ( by the Spaniard Gabriel Diez in 1880 ), " Tango Nº1 " ( Jose Machado-1883 ), " Dame la lata " ( Juan Perez, 1888 ), " Que polvo con tanto viento " ( anonymous 1890 ), " No me tires con la tapa de la olla " ( A. A. 1893 ), " El Talar " ( Prudencio Aragon-1895 ).
One of his ancestors in New York State ( Henry Livingston ) was probably the ( then anonymous ) author of the poem, The Night Before Christmas ".
Before the trio leaves, an anonymous transmission from the demilitarized zone attributes the bombing of the Bok ' Nor and the recent kidnappings to a group calling itself the Maquis.
Before Shakespeare it was also used in Edmund Spenser's epic The Faerie Queene and in the anonymous play King Leir.
Before and publication
His first book, Before The Brave ( 1936 ), is a collection of poems that are almost all Communistic, but after publication of this book he rejected Communism, and advocated a pacifistic anarchy, though retaining his revolutionary idiom.
Before the publication of this work most of the trouvère romances appeared in octosyllabic verse.
Living first in Philadelphia, then seeking refuge close in Virginia, he wrote a book entitled The Prospect Before Us ( read and approved by Vice President Jefferson before publication ) in which he called the Adams administration a " continual tempest of malignant passions " and the President a " repulsive pedant, a gross hypocrite and an unprincipled oppressor ".
Before Wiseman's publication, Thiele had determined from the biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem occurred in the spring of 597 BC, while other scholars, including Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BC.
Before the publication of Villette, Charlotte received a proposal of marriage from Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate who had long been in love with her.
Before the publication of Kinsey's reports, Maslow tested Kinsey's volunteers for bias.
Before the publication of the Mishnah, Jewish scholarship was predominantly oral.
Before its publication, the publisher asked for Melville to remove one sentence.
Before 1891 and the publication of Munros Tables there was considerable uncertainty about the number of peaks in Scotland over 3, 000 feet.
Before the novel's publication, Anne Rice had sold the film rights to Interview with the Vampire to Paramount Pictures, who did nothing with the property for the ten years of their contract.
Before its publication, it was highly anticipated by German gamers hearing rumors of a " gamer's game " designed by Knizia.
Before the publication of Miscegenation, the word amalgamation, borrowed from metallurgy, had been in use as a general term for ethnic and racial intermixing.
Before its publication a proof of concept work for the artists ' book was exhibited at the Aardklop cultural festival and later at the University of Johannesburg.
Before publication in United States Reports, Davis wrote a letter to Chief Justice Morrison Waite, dated May 26, 1886, to make sure his headnote was correct:
Before Niebuhr's publication, cuneiform inscriptions were often thought to be merely decorations and embellishments, and no accurate decipherments or translations had been made up to that point.
Before and after publication of Zelen's results astronomer and charter CSICOP member Dennis Rawlins, the CSICOP Council's only astronomer at the time, repeatedly objected to the procedure and to CSICOP's subsequent reportage of it.
Before, however, his Paper could be published, the works of Lassen and Burnouf reached him, necessitating a revision of his Paper and the postponement of its publication.
Before publication, Wilson and publisher John Joseph Stockdale wrote to all those named in the book offering them the opportunity to be excluded from the work in exchange for a cash payment.
Before 2010, the publication had only won 2 SPJ awards in its entire history.
* Before the Fact ( 2012 ; first book publication of a 1901 series of stories )
Before starting on his second expedition he had published a historical romance, The History of Robert, Second Duke of Normandy, surnamed Robert the Devil ; and he left behind him for publication Catharos Diogenes in his Singularity, a discourse on the immorality of Athens ( London ).
Before about the 1840s, reporting on music was either done by musical journals, such as Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung or the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik ( founded by Robert Schumann ), and in London such journals as The Musical Times ( founded in 1844 as The Musical Times and Singing-class Circular ); or else by reporters at general newspapers where music did not form part of the central objectives of the publication.
Before this, indeed since 1858, he had shown a remarkable gift for verse-writing, the results of which, however, were not abundant enough to justify separate publication.
Before the eventual publication of The Sandman: Book of Dreams, controversy surrounding it almost caused the book to not be made.
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