By 1949, the CPC had established control over most of the country ( see Chinese Civil War ).

By May 1949, the initial orders provided a primitive relocating assembler taking advantage of the mnemonic design described above, all in 31 words.

By 1949, the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard.

By 1949, commercial quantities of Grade A 99. 95 % helium were available.

By 1949 the U. S. and Britain agreed that West Germany had to be rearmed to strengthen the defenses of Western Europe against a possible Soviet invasion.

By the time the first national elections were held in the Federal Republic in 1949, Kiesinger had joined the Christian Democratic Union ( CDU ) and won a seat in the Bundestag, the West German parliament.

By 1949 Schaeffer's compositional work was known publicly as musique concrète ( Palombini 1993, 14 ).

By 1949, North Korea was a full-fledged Communist dictatorship.

By 1949 this percentage had risen to 90 %.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By request of the Government of Newfoundland, the United Kingdom resumed its direct rule of Newfoundland in 1934, and it kept that until Newfoundland and Labrador became a province of Canada in 1949.

By 1949 over 8500 students were enrolled, however most still studying non-degree courses.

By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and move across the street to Blair House from 1949 to 1951.

By 1949, with the success of television threatening the film industry more and more, Harry Warner decided to shift his focus towards television production.

By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dalí As Seen By His Sister.

By 1949 governmental control was wrested from the planters and, in 1958, Adams became Premier of Barbados.

By decree of Pope Pius XII in 1949, the remains of Pius VI were moved to the Chapel of the Madonna below St. Peter's in the Papal Grotto.

By 1949, the Communist Party of China's ( CPC ) People's Liberation Army had largely defeated the Kuomintang ( KMT )' s National Revolutionary Army in the Chinese Civil War on the mainland.

By the end of 1949, this operation fully utilised five Freighters, which carried 2, 700 cars and 10, 000 passengers.

By the time the civil contribution to the Airlift was scaled down in February 1949, the company's three Bristol Freighters were the last twin-engined airliners employed in this operation.

By 1949, the first international board governing trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ( GATT ) was established.

By 1949, Davis and Sherry were estranged and Hollywood columnists were writing that Davis's career was at an end.

" By 1949, economics dictated that the string section be dropped.

By 1949, Tokyo was given only 10. 9 % of the budget ; at the same time there was runaway inflation devaluing the money as Japan was spending more than it was bringing in from taxes.

By the end of the year, Philips released his debut album, a nine-song, 10-inch LP called Jacques Brel et ses Chansons ( Jacques Brel and his songs ).

By 1966, Brel had grown increasingly weary of his grueling concert schedules.

By early 1973, Brel knew that he was ill.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.

By Cyrene, Apollo had a son named Aristaeus, who became the patron god of cattle, fruit trees, hunting, husbandry and bee-keeping.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By 1980 the infrequency of sightings of Mount Ararat, which looms about sixty kilometers across the Turkish border, became a symbol of worsening air pollution in Yerevan.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.

By Otto's marriage to Eilika, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, the Ascanians became heirs to half of the property of the House of Billung, former dukes of Saxony.

By 1919, the SANNC was leading a campaign against passes but then became dormant in the mid-1920s.

By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

" By 1972 when GE and RCA were no longer in the mainframe business, the remaining five companies behind IBM became known as the BUNCH, an acronym based on their initials.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.

By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany, New York and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world.

By the middle of the 18th century, " casuistry " became a synonym for moral laxity.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.