Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

Mr. Philip Toynbee affirms at one point that if he shared the anticipations of Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four, if he believed Communism was not only evil but `` also irredeemably evil '', then he might `` think it right to do anything rather than to take the risk of a communist world.

He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair ( later to become George Orwell ) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn ’ t keep discipline.

A prominent critic was George Orwell, who frequently referred to him in his essays and diaries as " A Catholic Apologist " and accused him of being " silly-clever ", in line with his criticisms of G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, Ronald Knox and Wyndham-Lewis.

The case was Estate of Orwell v. CBS, 00-c-5034 ( ND Ill ).

On the eve of trial, the case settled worldwide to the parties ' " mutual satisfaction "; the amount that CBS paid to the Orwell Estate was not disclosed.

From 1942 to 1944 George Orwell was a proponent of Basic English, but in 1945 he became critical of universal languages.

David Janssen ( March 27, 1931 – February 13, 1980 ) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive ( 1963 – 1967 ), the starring role in the 1950s hit detective series Richard Diamond, Private Detective ( 1957 – 60 ), and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.

Eric Arthur Blair ( 25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 ), known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist.

Wellington was " beastly ", Orwell told his childhood friend Jacintha Buddicom, but he said he was " interested and happy " at Eton.

A colleague, Roger Beadon, recalled ( in a 1969 recording for the BBC ) that Orwell was fast to learn the language and that before he left Burma, " was able to speak fluently with Burmese priests in ' very high-flown Burmese.

He was also spending time with Eleanor Jacques, but her attachment to Dennis Collings remained an obstacle to his hopes of a more serious relationship. The pen-name " George Orwell " was inspired by the River Orwell

" Down and Out in Paris and London was published on 9 January 1933, as Orwell continued to work on Burmese Days.

In June, Burmese Days was published and Cyril Connolly's review in the New Statesman prompted Orwell to re-establish contact with his old friend.

The relationship was sometimes awkward and Orwell and Heppenstall even came to blows, though they remained friends and later worked together on BBC broadcasts.

Orwell was now working on Keep the Aspidistra Flying, and also tried unsuccessfully to write a serial for the News Chronicle.

Gollancz feared the second half would offend readers and added a disculpatory preface to the book while Orwell was in Spain.

Orwell needed somewhere he could concentrate on writing his book, and once again help was provided by Aunt Nellie, who was living at Wallington, Hertfordshire in a very small sixteenth-century cottage called the " Stores ".

The ILP was linked to the POUM and so Orwell joined the POUM.

For his political writings on doublespeak and hypocrisy, Noam Chomsky received the Orwell Award ( which ' recognizes writers who have made outstanding contributions to the critical analysis of public discourse ') in 1987 and 1989.

On 31 January 1936, Orwell set out by public transport and on foot, reaching Manchester via Coventry, Stafford, the Potteries and Macclesfield.

Orwell took over the tenancy and moved in on 2 April 1936.

Orwell married Eileen O ' Shaughnessy on 9 June 1936.

At the end of the year, concerned by Francisco Franco's Falangist uprising, ( supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ), Orwell decided to go to Spain to take part in the Spanish Civil War on the Republican side.

Orwell set out for Spain on about 23 December 1936, dining with Henry Miller in Paris on the way.

The subsequent campaign of lies and distortion carried out by the Communist press, in which the POUM was accused of collaborating with the fascists, had a dramatic effect on Orwell.

Unable to speak, and with blood pouring from his mouth, Orwell was carried on a stretcher to Siétamo, loaded on an ambulance and after a bumpy journey via Barbastro arrived at the hospital at Lleida.

In the first week of July 1937 Orwell arrived back at Wallington ; on 13 July 1937 a deposition was presented to the Tribunal for Espionage & High Treason, Valencia, charging the Orwells with ' rabid Trotskyism ', and being agents of the POUM.

At the same time, the communist Daily Worker was running an attack on The Road to Wigan Pier, misquoting Orwell as saying " the working classes smell "; a letter to Gollancz from Orwell threatening libel action brought a stop to this.

They rented a villa on the road to Casablanca and during that time Orwell wrote Coming Up for Air.

Orwell spent time in Wallington and Southwold working on a Dickens essay and it was in July 1939 that Orwell's father, Richard Blair, died.

In August 1941, Orwell finally obtained " war work " when he was taken on full-time by the BBC's Eastern Service.

At the BBC, Orwell introduced Voice, a literary programme for his Indian broadcasts, and by now was leading an active social life with literary friends, particularly on the political left.

David Astor was instrumental in arranging a place for Orwell on Jura.

Orwell had to spend some days in hospital with a poisoned hand and had most of his possessions stolen by the staff.

Orwell joined the staff of Tribune as literary editor, and from then until his death, was a left-wing ( though hardly orthodox ) Labour-supporting democratic socialist.

Orwell left the Tribune staff in early 1945 to become a war correspondent for The Observer — he was replaced as literary editor by his friend Tosco Fyvel — but remained a regular contributor until March 1947.

Not wishing to commit himself until he'd seen the situation in situ, Orwell instead used his Independent Labour Party contacts to get a letter of introduction to John McNair in Barcelona.

George Orwell served with the POUM in Catalonia from December 1936 until June 1937.

A French translation made by Yvonne Davet – with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes – in 1938-39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death.

As Orwell himself documented, a great deal of evidence was reliably knowable even before 1939, but Hobsbawm pleads that much of it was not reliably knowable until Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956.

Orwell set out on the journey on the last day of January 1936, having given up his job at Booklovers ' Corner and his flat in Kentish Town ;-he would not live in London again until 1940.

George Orwell began his Reflections on Gandhi: " Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent …" Orwell concluded his essay with an attack on the idea of sainthood but praise for Gandhi: " One may feel, as I do, a sort of aesthetic distaste for Gandhi, one may reject the claims of sainthood made on his behalf ( he never made any such claim himself, by the way ), one may also reject sainthood as an ideal and therefore feel that Gandhi's basic aims were anti-human and reactionary: but regarded simply as a politician, and compared with the other leading political figures of our time, how clean a smell he has managed to leave behind!

Orwell completed a first draft of Nineteen Eighty-Four about three months after the Corryvreckan incident, with the final manuscript not finished until late 1948.