* 1941 – World War II: The Axis Powers in Europe establish the Independent State of Croatia from occupied Yugoslavia with Ante Pavelić's Ustaše fascist insurgents in power.

* Independent Bonn International School, ( IBIS ) private primary school ( serving from kindergarten, reception, and years 1 to 6 )

The Catholic Church does recognise as valid ( though illicit ) ordinations done by breakaway Catholic, Old Catholic or Oriental bishops, and groups descended from them ; it also regards as both valid and licit those ordinations done by bishops of the Eastern churches, so long as those receiving the ordination conform to other canonical requirements ( for example, is an adult male ) and an orthodox rite of episcopal ordination, expressing the proper functions and sacramental status of a bishop, is used ; this has given rise to the phenomenon of episcopi vagantes ( for example, clergy of the Independent Catholic groups which claim apostolic succession, though this claim is rejected by both Orthodoxy and Catholicism ).

The Holy See accepts as valid the ordinations of the Old Catholics in communion with Utrecht, as well as the Polish National Catholic Church ( which received its orders directly from Utrecht, and was — until recently — part of that communion ); but Roman Catholicism does not recognise the orders of any group whose teaching is at variance with what they consider the core tenets of Christianity ; this is the case even though the clergy of the Independent Catholic groups may use the proper ordination ritual.

Whilst members of the Independent Catholic movement take seriously the issue of valid orders, it is highly significant that the relevant Vatican Congregations tend not to respond to petitions from Independent Catholic bishops and clergy who seek to be received into communion with the Holy See, hoping to continue in some sacramental role.

Independent lines of evidence from Type Ia supernovae and the CMB imply that the Universe today is dominated by a mysterious form of energy known as dark energy, which apparently permeates all of space.

Following the events of Bloody Sunday Bernadette Devlin, an Independent Socialist nationalist MP from Northern Ireland, expressed anger at what she perceived as government attempts to stifle accounts being reported about the day.

The current lower house — the Chamber of Deputies — contains 65 members of the governing coalition: 21 Christian Democrats ( PDC ), 15 Socialists ( PS ), 22 Party for Democracy ( PPD ) and seven Social Democrat Radical Party ( PRSD ); 54 from the center-right Alliance for Chile ( APC ): 34 Independent Democratic Union ( UDI ) and 20 National Renewal ( RN ); and 1 from the Independent Regional Force ( FRI ) coalition: 1 Regionalist Action Party of Chile ( PAR ).

Following the defeat of the Independent State of Croatia at the end of the war, a large number of Ustaše, and civilians supporting them ( ranging from sympathisers, young conscripts, anti-communists, and ordinary serfs who were allegedly motivated by Partisan crimes ) attempted to flee in the direction of Austria hoping to surrender to British forces and to be given refuge.

The voting process, though technically difficult due to the lack of infrastructure, was facilitated and organized by the Congolese Independent Electoral Commission with support from the UN mission to the Congo ( MONUC ).

In the years that followed, many of the Independent Christian Church Congregations requested formal withdrawal from the yearbook.

A similar declaration was issued with regard to Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo's conferring of episcopal ordination on four men-all of whom, by virtue of previous Independent Catholic consecrations, claimed already to be bishops-on 24 September 2006: the Holy See, as well as stating that, in accordance with Canon 1382 of the Code of Canon Law, all five men involved incurred automatic (" latae sententiae ") excommunication through their actions, declared that " the Church does not recognise and does not intend in the future to recognise these ordinations or any ordinations derived from them, and she holds that the canonical state of the four alleged bishops is the same as it was prior to the ordination.

In April 2006, Scottish & Newcastle plc announced that it had agreed to acquire the Foster ’ s brand in Europe ( including Turkey ), the Russian Federation and other countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States from Foster ’ s Group Limited for approximately £ 309 million.

" Having witnessed the success of the anarcho-syndicalist communities, for example in Anarchist Catalonia, and the subsequent brutal suppression of the anarcho-syndicalists, anti-Stalin communist parties and revolutionaries by the Soviet Union-backed Communists, Orwell returned from Catalonia a staunch anti-Stalinist and joined the Independent Labour Party, his card being issued on 13 June 1938.

( Independent Music Press, 2011 ISBN 978-1-906191-19-1 )-A global view of the goth scene from its birth in the late 1970s to the present day.

Political rebellion also made its home here, whether serious ( John Reed ) or frivolous ( Marcel Duchamp and friends set off balloons from atop Washington Square Arch, proclaiming the founding of " The Independent Republic of Greenwich Village ").

The Liberal Party increased its numbers from 52 to 61, and the Country Party from 20 to 21, with Labor dropping from 51 to 41 seats, and one Independent.

However, following a further independent review on the future structure of the British Army-18 July 2011 " Future Reserves 2020-The Independent Commission to review the United Kingdom's Reserve Forces "-it was announced that the Regular Army will be reduced to a trained strength of 82, 000 while the Territorial Army will be increased to a trained strength of around 30, 000 personnel.

The play received glowing reviews in all the British broadsheets, including The Times: " The Tricycle's latest recreation of a major inquiry is its most devastating "; The Daily Telegraph: " I can't praise this enthralling production too highly ... exceptionally gripping courtroom drama "; and The Independent: " A necessary triumph ".

Various organisations, including the Independent Labour Party, joined to make the British Labour Party in 1906, with Keir Hardie as its first chairman.

The plan was to replace the British Mandate with " Independent Arab and Jewish States " and a " Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem administered by the United Nations ".

Writing in the British newspaper The Independent in January 2006, Lovelock argued that, as a result of global warming, " billions of us will die and the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable " by the end of the 21st century.

In 1982, Loach and Central Independent Television were commissioned by Channel 4 to make Questions of Leadership, a documentary series on the response of the British trade union movement to the challenge posed by the policies of the Thatcher government, which also gave members an opportunity to call their own leaders to account.

" Jamie Reid ", in Communicate: Independent British Graphic Design Since the Sixties, ed.

The relative severity of various British profanities, as perceived by the public, was studied on behalf of the British Broadcasting Standards Commission, Independent Television Commission, BBC and Advertising Standards Authority ; the results of this jointly commissioned research were published in December 2000 in a paper called " Delete expletives ?".

The first printed record for the use of the term " post-trip hop " was as late as October 2002 when British newspaper The Independent used it to describe Second Person and their hybrid sound.

** British Independent Film Awards nomination for Best Achievement in Production

* The Independent Santa Cruz Maya of Eastern Yucatan are recognized as an independent nation by the British Empire.

Fenner Brockway, a leading British democratic socialist of the Independent Labour Party, wrote in his book Britain's First Socialists:

Emily Watson received best actress nominations at the British Independent Film Awards and the London Film Critics Circle Awards.

) The classic example of this transition is renowned British producer George Martin, who worked as a staff producer and A & R manager at EMI for many years, before branching out on his own and becoming a highly successful independent producer with his AIR ( Associated Independent Recordings ) production company and studios.

In World War II, during Operation Market Garden ( September 1944 ), the British 1st Airborne Division and the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade were given the task of securing the bridge at Arnhem.

The 82nd Airborne Division, under Brigadier General James M. Gavin, would drop northeast of them to take the bridges at Grave and Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division, under Major-General Roy Urquhart, with the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, under Brigadier General Stanisław Sosabowski, attached would drop at the extreme north end of the route, capturing the road bridge at Arnhem and the rail bridge at Oosterbeek.

Called the " 1st Airborne Task Force ", the force was composed of the 1st Special Services Forces, British 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade, the 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team, the 509th and 551st Parachute Infantry Battalions, the glider-borne 550th Airborne Infantry Battalion, and supporting units.

These were the British 1st Airborne Division, the US 82nd Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division, as well as the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade.

* British Independent Film Award for Best Foreign Language Film ( winner )

He is also chairman of various international advisory boards and councils for many international companies, including Power Corp. ( Montreal ), Bombardier ( Montreal ), the China International Trust and Investment Corp. ( Beijing ), J. P. Morgan Chase and Co. ( New York ), Violy, Byorum and Partners ( New York ), VS & A Communications Partners ( New York ), Independent Newspapers ( Dublin ) and General Enterprise Management Services Limited ( British Virgin Islands ).

November 29-With a two-thirds majority vote, the UN General Assembly adopts a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of a plan to partition the British Mandate of Palestine into " Independent Arab and Jewish States " and a " Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem " administered by the United Nations.

The British ambassador reported in December 1918 on Clemenceau's views on the future of the Rhineland: " He said that the Rhine was a natural boundary of Gaul and Germany and that it ought to be made the German boundary now, the territory between the Rhine and the French frontier being made into an Independent State whose neutrality should be guaranteed by the great powers ".

A lot of private players in the Nigerian television scene are Silverbird Television ( STV ), Africa Independent Television ( AIT ), Channels Television, Superscreen Television and a host of many others.

* In My Big Fat Independent Movie, Toxie is seen in the far back in the orgy scene.

A slew of new rock bands started in the 00s have joined a couple longer-running favorites, Girl In A Coma-whose song " Clumsy Sky " won Best Punk Song in The 7th Annual Independent Music Awards-and Buttercup, to develop a burgeoning ' indie ' scene.

They first appeared on the music scene in 1989, releasing an album called Independent Leaders under their then name the New Style.

" The Independent Collegian used the scene of Professor Elm's Aide giving Togepi to the players as a scene that will immediately bring back memories to die-hard Pokémon fans.

Stranded: The Secret History of Australian Independent Music 1977 – 1991 is a book about the Australian independent music scene from 1979 until 1991, as written by author and music journalist Clinton Walker.

After the shooting Blair telephoned the Chairman of the Independent Police Complaints Commission ( IPCC ) and wrote a letter to the Home Office stating that " the shooting that has just occurred at Stockwell is not to be referred to the IPCC and that they will be given no access to the scene at the present time ".

Independent record stores supporting the local punk scene include the original Northern Lights records on Hennepin Ave, Treehouse Records ( formerly Oarfolkjokeopus ) in south Minneapolis, and Cheapo Records in St Paul.