Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

* 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer ( d. 1870 )

* 1871 – Prince Alexander John of Wales ( d. 1871 )

* 1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.

* 1823 – Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian playwright ( d. 1886 )

* 1948 – Alexander Onassis, American Greek socialite, son of Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis ( d. 1973 )

* 1921 – Georg Alexander, Duke of Mecklenburg ( d. 1996 )

* 1826 – Thomas Alexander Browne, Australian writer ( d. 1915 )

* 1881 – Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1955 )

* 1886 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy Canadian pilot and engineer ( d. 1961 )

* 1981 – Alexander Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist

* 1890 – Alexander F. Mozhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer ( b. 1825 )

* 2000 – Alexander Mackenzie Stuart, Baron Mackenzie-Stuart, Scottish jurist ( b. 1924 )

* 2005 – Alexander Brott, Canadian violinist and composer ( b. 1915 )

Eastern European theorists include Pyotr Stolypin ( 1862 – 1911 ) and Alexander Chayanov ( 1888 – 1939 ) in Russia ; Adolph Wagner ( 1835 – 1917 ), and Karl Oldenberg in Germany, and Bolesław Limanowski ( 1835 – 1935 ) in Poland.

* Bell, John D. Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899 – 1923 ( 1923 )

Alexander Mackenzie, PC ( January 28, 1822 – April 17, 1892 ), a building contractor and newspaper editor, was the second Prime Minister of Canada from November 7, 1873 to October 8, 1878.

* William Alexander Henry – September 30, 1875

* 1893 – Alexander of Greece ( d. 1920 )

* 1824 – Maria Alexandrovna, German wife of Alexander II of Russia ( d. 1880 )

* 1939 – Alexander Watson, American ambassador and diplomat

* 1915 – Joan Alexander, American actress ( d. 2009 )

Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (, ; – 11 June 1970 ) was a major political leader before and during the Russian Revolutions of 1917.

* 1881 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician ( d. 1970 )

) – Great October Socialist Revolution: The workers of the Petrograd Soviet in Russia, led by the Bolshevik Party and leader Vladimir Lenin, storm the Winter Palace and successfully destroy the Kerensky Provisional Government, resulting in the first overthrow of capitalism in history.

The Russian army launched the Kerensky Offensive in an attempt to honour the agreement struck with its allies at the Chantilly meeting of 15 – 16 November 1916.

After the brief success of the Kerensky Offensive 1 – 19 July and its disastrous sequel, when Ludendorff's general reserve of six divisions captured Riga, 1 – 5 September 1917 and then in Operation Albion September – October 1917 took the islands at the mouth of the Gulf of Riga, British and French commanders on the Western Front had to reckon on the German western army being strengthened by reinforcements from the Eastern Front in late 1917.

Alexander Kerensky, Prime Minister of Russia from July – October 1917

Kerensky – The Catastrophe ( 1977 ) Milwood

William Boyce Thompson, ( May 13, 1869 – June 27, 1930 ), was an American mining engineer, financier, promoter of Western support for the revolutionary Alexander Kerensky and Bolshevik governments of Russia, philanthropist, and founder of Newmont Mining.

The Central Committee recognizes that the international position of the Russian revolution ( the revolt in the German navy which is an extreme manifestation of the growth throughout Europe of the world Socialist revolution ; the threat of conclusion of peace by the imperialists with the object of strangling the revolution in Russia ) as well as its military position ( the indubitable decision of the Russian bourgeoisie and Kerensky and Co. to surrender Petrograd to the Germans ), and the fact that the proletarian party has gained a majority in the Soviets – all this, taken in conjunction with the peasant revolt and the swing of popular confidence towards our Party ( the elections in Moscow ), and, finally, the obvious preparations being made for a second Kornilov affair ( the withdrawal of troops from Petrograd, the dispatch of Cossacks to Petrograd, the surrounding of Minsk by Cossacks, etc.

Kerensky – Krasnov uprising was an attempt by Alexander Kerensky to regain power after the Bolsheviks overthrew his Provisional Government in Petrograd.

; almost all of them – later turned detractors ) deeply interested in his theories were political figures ( Fondaminsky, Kerensky, Savinkov ), psychologists ( Freud ), philosophers ( Berdyaev, Rickert, Stepun ), lawyers ( Kowalewsky ).

Little work has been done on the Munda languages, which are not well documented ; with their demotion from a primary branch, Proto-Mon – Khmer becomes synonymous with Proto-Austro-Asiatic.

Gray arsenic is a semimetal, but becomes a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1. 2 – 1. 4 eV if amorphized.

* 1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.

* 1793 – During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.

* 1968 – Pierre Elliot Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.

* 2004 – Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.

* 2005 – Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president ; Shiite Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.

* 1961 – The Russian ( Soviet ) cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, in Vostok 3KA-2 ( Vostok 1 ).

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1900 – Hawaii becomes a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.

* 1907 – Honolulu, Hawaii becomes an independent city.

* 1920 – Peru becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

* 1827 – José de la Mar becomes President of Peru.

* 1902 – Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to ride in an automobile.

* 1890 – At Auburn Prison in New York, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by electric chair.

* 1926 – Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim across the English Channel.

* 1942 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands becomes the first reigning queen to address a joint session of the United States Congress.

* 1962 – Jamaica becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

* 1991 – Takako Doi, chair of the Social Democratic Party, becomes Japan's first female speaker of the House of Representatives.

* 1965 – Singapore is expelled from Malaysia and becomes the first and only country to date to gain independence unwillingly.

* 1974 – As a direct result of the Watergate scandal, Richard Nixon becomes the first President of the United States to resign from office.

* 1923 – As vice president, Calvin Coolidge becomes the 30th President of the United States after the death of Warren G. Harding

* 1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany.

* 1867 – Singapore becomes a British crown colony.

* 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.