Top-down approach: This is also known as downward communication.

Though it is important to note that in Kimball methodology, the bottom-up process is the result of an initial business-oriented Top-down analysis of the relevant business processes to be modelled.

Top-down design has also proven to be robust against business changes.

Top-down approaches emphasize planning and a complete understanding of the system.

Top-down approaches are implemented by attaching the stubs in place of the module.

Top-down design was promoted in the 1970s by IBM researcher Harlan Mills and Niklaus Wirth.

Top-down methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be utilized.

Top-down is a programming style, the mainstay of traditional procedural languages, in which design begins by specifying complex pieces and then dividing them into successively smaller pieces.

Top-down parsers, on the other hand, hypothesize general parse tree structures and then consider whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis.

See Top-down parsing and Bottom-up parsing.

Top-down and bottom-up are two approaches for the manufacture of products.

" Top-down " ( or " big chunk ") is stereotypically the visionary, or the person who sees the larger picture and overview.

* Integrated Parallel Bottom-up and Top-down Approach.

* Top-down approach: This is the direct fall-out of the recursive formulation of any problem.

Top-down decision making occurs when leaders of a group make decisions in a way that does not include the participation of all interested stakeholders.

* Top-down parsing-Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules.

Top-down view of a DTP dam.

Top-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis.

Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse-trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules.

Top-down lithography is the manner in which most integrated circuits are now made.

* Top-down logical data models, on the other hand, are created in an abstract way by getting information from people who know the subject area.

Top-down analysis is the method of calculating the reactive moments and forces at each joint starting at the hand, all the way till the ankle and foot.

Top-down activity refers to cognitive processes that originate from the frontal lobe and require conscious thought whereas bottom-up activity begins from sensation of stimuli in the environment.

Top-down processes often include attention to emotion and emotion regulation.

This commonly held rule in some sense ignores autocommunication, including intrapersonal communication via diaries or self-talk, both secondary phenomena that followed the primary acquisition of communicative competences within social interactions.

However, a rudimentary network begun under French colonial rule and continued from the 1950s has provided an important means of increased intervillage communication, movement of market goods, and a focus for new settlements.

A fundamental rule in a three tier architecture is the client tier never communicates directly with the data tier ; in a three-tier model all communication must pass through the middle tier.

Stuart Hall asserts that mainstream mass communication in the United States holds the illusion of democratic pluralism-“ the pretense that society is held together by common norms, including equal opportunity, respect for diversity, one person-one vote, individual rights and rule of law ”.

Establishing control of mass communication and industry, the communist organization ’ s rule was one of “ oppression and terror ”.

Because messages from superiors are considered to be more important than those from subordinates, the implicit rule is that communication channels, except for prescribed information flows, should not be cluttered by messages from subordinates but should remain open and free for messages moving down the chain of command.

To what extent does the one-way rule of direction affect the efficiency of communication in the organization, in addition to the morale and motivation of subordinates?

Another example of ontological pluralism can be found in Ludwig Wittgenstein's notion of language-games ; the idea that different mutually agreed rule systems, and in the case of ontological matters, ontological rule systems, are adopted in conversation and communication for a purpose which delineates the rules, constituting the language-game's meaning.

And it is not the exception that communication gives rise to complications ; rather, it is the rule.

James Borg states that human communication consists of 93 percent body language and paralinguistic cues, while only 7 % of communication consists of words themselves ; however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings ( see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule ).

Albert Mehrabian is noted for finding a 7 %- 38 %- 55 % rule, supposedly denoting how much communication was conferred by words, tone, and body language.

To ensure a free and frank exchange of views, conducive to the emergence of original ideas and an effective communication between different or antagonistic governments, countries and groups, Pugwash meetings as a rule are held in private.

During Choibalsan's rule considerable improvements in the country's infrastructure, roads and communication lines were made with Soviet assistance, and steps were taken toward improving the country's literacy rate.

During his rule considerable improvements in the country's infrastructure, roads and communication lines were made with Soviet assistance, and steps were taken toward improving the country's literacy rate.

After solving this puzzle, some insight into the nature of communication can be gained by pondering whether the meaningful silence of prisoner C violates the " No communication " rule ( given that communication is usually defined as the " transfer of information ").

It is often said that human communication consists of 93 % body language and paralinguistic cues, while only 7 % of communication consists of words themselves-however, Albert Mehrabian, the researcher whose 1960s work is the source of these statistics, has stated that this is a misunderstanding of the findings ( see Misinterpretation of Mehrabian's rule ).

The ordering of use, communication of orders, and the release of nuclear weapons is governed by the two-man rule at all times. Deputy's launch keyswitch in an old Minuteman ICBM launch control center.

The exception to this rule is when a common “ lingua franca ” has evolved to facilitate communication between different linguistic groups.

In order for evidence to fall within this rule, it must involve either ( 1 ) a written or oral communication made prior to execution of the written contract ; or ( 2 ) an oral communication made contemporaneous with execution of the written contract.