Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ), for example, rejected the 4-elemental theory, and with only a vague understanding of his chemicals and medicines formed a hybrid of alchemy and science in what was to be called iatrochemistry.

The Mapuche fought against the Sapa Tupac Inca Yupanqui ( c. 1471 – 1493 ) and his army.

* 1991 – A runway collision between USAir Flight 1493 and SkyWest Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport results in the death of 34 persons, and the injury of 30 others.

* 1493 – While on board the Niña, Christopher Columbus writes an open letter ( widely distributed upon his return to Portugal ) describing his discoveries and the unexpected items he came across in the New World.

* Frederick V of Austria ( 1415 – 1493 ), or Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

# Johann, Viceroy of Valencia ( 9 January 1493, Plassenburg – 5 July 1525, Valencia ).

A similar figure was the Swiss magician known as Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ), who published Of the Supreme Mysteries of Nature in which he emphasised the distinction between good and bad magic.

After two years, he gave up his appointment to pursue his studies at Leipzig, where, as rector, he received the support of the professor of classics, Peter Mosellanus ( 1493 – 1525 ), a celebrated humanist of the time, with whom he had already been in correspondence.

Muhammad Ture ( 1493 – 1528 ) founded the Askiya Dynasty, askiya being the title of the king.

* Eleonora Gonzaga ( 31 December 1493 – 13 February 1570 ), married Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, by whom she had issue.

* 1493 – Christopher Columbus sets sail for Spain from Hispaniola, ending his first voyage to the New World.

* 1493 – Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.

* 1493 – Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after his first trip to the Americas.

* 1493 – Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal, aboard his ship Niña from his voyage to what is now The Bahamas and other islands in the Caribbean.

His successor Askia Muhammad Ture ( 1493 – 1528 ) made Islam the official religion, built mosques, and brought Muslim scholars, including al-Maghili ( d. 1504 ), the founder of an important tradition of Sudanic African Muslim scholarship, to Gao.

* 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico.

* 1493 – Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before.

* 1567 – Anne de Montmorency, Marshal and Constable of France ( b. 1493 )

* 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island of Dominica in the Caribbean Sea.

* 1493 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord ( d. 1568 )

* 1555 – Justus Jonas, German Protestant reformer ( b. 1493 )

In 1507 he was appointed tutor to Emperor Maximilian I's ( 1493 – 1519 ) seven year old grandson, Charles, who was later to become Emperor Charles V ( 1519 – 56 ).

With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism.

The Northwest Passage represented a new route to the established trading nations of Asia, as in 1493 to defuse trade disputes, Pope Alexander VI split the discovered world in two between Spain and Portugal ; thus France, the Netherlands, and England were left without a sea route to Asia, either via Africa or South America, unless their ships defied the ban and explored such waters regardless ( they did, and the ban became unenforceable ).

Maximilian I ( 22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519 ), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans ( also known as King of the Germans ) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky.

In 1493 he was appointed Cardinal priest of the church of St. Anastasia in Rome by Pope Alexander VI.

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( June 7, 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

Initially trained as an apostolic notary, he joined the Roman Curia in 1491 and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI appointed him Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano.

Between 1493 and 1501, many Jews were expelled from their homes and sought sanctuary in the region of Avignon, which was still under the direct rule of the Pope.

When in May 1493, the Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter caetera bull granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people.

In 1484 Antonio took up his residence in Rome, where he executed the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV, now in the Museum of St. Peter's ( finished in 1493 ), a composition in which he again manifested the quality of exaggeration in the anatomical features of the figures.

* Alessandro Farnese ( 1468-1549 ) ( 1493, 1524, elected Pope Paul III in 1534 )

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 7 June 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on 4 May 1493.

Later, the 1481 Papal Bull Aeterni regis granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to the Portuguese Empire, while in May 1493 the Aragonese-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to the Spanish Empire while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal.

Although the New Testament nowhere mentions that divine battle aid could be gained from Christ ,< ref > Padberg 1998: 48 > crowned by the Pope was Maximilian I in 1493.

The Spanish were briefly given territorial rights to India by Pope Alexander VI on 25 September 1493 by the bull Dudum siquidem before these rights were removed by the Treaty of Tordesillas less than one year later.

Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope ( contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera ) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza.

Pope Alexander VI in 1493 and later Pope Julius II in 1508 gave the crown extensive authority over this domain with the goal of converting the Indians to Catholicism.

* 1493: With the Inter caetera, Pope Alexander VI awards sole colonial rights over most of the New World to Spain.