In 1260 Pope Alexander IV made him Bishop of Regensburg, an office from which he resigned after three years.

Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

Alexander was named after Pope Alexander II.

* Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115

* Pope Alexander II, Pope from 1061 to 1073

* Pope Alexander III, pope from 1159 to 1181

* Pope Alexander IV ( 1199 or ca.

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VII

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VIII

In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum, Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent crown with the right to conquer lands from the Moors.

He was buried in the Church of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli, the Spanish national church in Rome, immediately below the tombs of Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI.

* 1480 – Lucrezia Borgia, Florentine ruler and daughter of Pope Alexander VI ( d. 1519 )

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

Alexander Pope famously characterized the alexandrine's potential to slow or speed the flow of a poem in two rhyming couplets consisting of an iambic pentameter followed by an alexandrine:

* 1073 – Pope Alexander II

Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

Alexander Pope implied the architecture is rather dull, lacking either the vigour of the baroque style which was fading from fashion at the time, or the austere grandeur of the Palladian style which was just coming into vogue.

The amphisbaena has been referred to by the poets, such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and A. E. Housman, and the amphisbaena as a mythological and legendary creature has been referenced by Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Isidore of Seville, and Thomas Browne, the last of whom debunked its existence.

He was the first Cistercian placed on the calendar of saints, and was canonized by Pope Alexander III on 18 January 1174.

With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism.

* 1902 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria ( d. 1971 )

* Pope Adrian VI ( 1459 – 1523 ), Dutch pope

# REDIRECT Pope Adrian VI

This proposal, which was understandably appealing to Albert, had already been discussed by some of his relatives ; but it was necessary to proceed cautiously, and he assured Pope Adrian VI that he was anxious to reform the Order and punish the knights who had adopted Lutheran doctrines.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

On his return to Germany, he exercised very little further control in Italy for the rest of his life, although his agents in Rome did not prevent the accession of Pope Stephen VI in 896.

During Pope Shenouda III's visit to Rome from 4 to 10 May 1973, Pope Paul VI gave the Coptic Patriarch a relic of Athanasius, which he brought back to Egypt on 15 May.

* Pope Clement VI ( 1291 – 1352, r. 1342 – 52 )

This entry deals with the Breviary prior to the changes introduced by Pope Paul VI in 1974.

Pope John Paul II's apostolic constitution Divinus Perfectionis Magister of 25 January 1983, and the norms issued by the Congregation for the Causes of Saints on 7 February 1983, for its implementation on diocesan level continued the work of simplification already initiated by Pope Paul VI.

At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set an age limit of eighty years for electors, who were to number no more than 120, but set no limit to the number of cardinals as a whole, including those over eighty.

Pope Paul VI also increased the number of cardinal bishops by giving that rank to patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who are made cardinals.

In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees ( who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier ).

Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights cardinals had with regard to their titular churches, though the cardinal's name and coat of arms are still posted in the church, and they are expected to preach there if convenient when they are in Rome.

When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do.

When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI.

* Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, reigned 1959 – 1971

* 1493 – Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Line of Demarcation.

The Northwest Passage represented a new route to the established trading nations of Asia, as in 1493 to defuse trade disputes, Pope Alexander VI split the discovered world in two between Spain and Portugal ; thus France, the Netherlands, and England were left without a sea route to Asia, either via Africa or South America, unless their ships defied the ban and explored such waters regardless ( they did, and the ban became unenforceable ).

Maximilian I ( 22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519 ), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans ( also known as King of the Germans ) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky.

In 1493 he was appointed Cardinal priest of the church of St. Anastasia in Rome by Pope Alexander VI.

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( June 7, 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on May 4, 1493.

The concessions given in them were confirmed by bulls issued by Pope Callixtus III ( Inter Caetera quae in 1456 ), Sixtus IV ( Aeterni regis in 1481 ), and Leo X ( 1514 ), and they became the models for subsequent bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI: Eximiae devotionis ( 3 May 1493 ), Inter Caetera ( 4 May 1493 ) and Dudum Siquidem ( 23 September 1493 ), in which he conferred similar rights to Spain relating to the newly-discovered lands in the Americas.

Initially trained as an apostolic notary, he joined the Roman Curia in 1491 and in 1493 Pope Alexander VI appointed him Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano.

Between 1493 and 1501, many Jews were expelled from their homes and sought sanctuary in the region of Avignon, which was still under the direct rule of the Pope.

When in May 1493, the Pope Alexander VI issued the Inter caetera bull granting the new lands to the Kingdom of Spain, he requested in exchange an evangelization of the people.

In 1484 Antonio took up his residence in Rome, where he executed the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV, now in the Museum of St. Peter's ( finished in 1493 ), a composition in which he again manifested the quality of exaggeration in the anatomical features of the figures.

* Alessandro Farnese ( 1468-1549 ) ( 1493, 1524, elected Pope Paul III in 1534 )

This was accomplished by the Treaty of Tordesillas ( 7 June 1494 ) which modified the delimitation authorized by Pope Alexander VI in two bulls issued on 4 May 1493.

Later, the 1481 Papal Bull Aeterni regis granted all lands south of the Canary Islands to the Portuguese Empire, while in May 1493 the Aragonese-born Pope Alexander VI decreed in the Bull Inter caetera that all lands west of a meridian only 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands should belong to the Spanish Empire while new lands discovered east of that line would belong to Portugal.

Although the New Testament nowhere mentions that divine battle aid could be gained from Christ ,< ref > Padberg 1998: 48 > crowned by the Pope was Maximilian I in 1493.

The Spanish were briefly given territorial rights to India by Pope Alexander VI on 25 September 1493 by the bull Dudum siquidem before these rights were removed by the Treaty of Tordesillas less than one year later.

Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope ( contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera ) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza.

* 1493: With the Inter caetera, Pope Alexander VI awards sole colonial rights over most of the New World to Spain.