Thorn or þorn ( Þ, þ ) is a letter in the Old English, Gothic, Old Norse, and Icelandic alphabets, as well as some dialects of Middle English.

Þ in modern Icelandic also has a voiceless allophone, which occurs in certain positions within a phrase.

Þ is the letter thorn, which in Icelandic mostly represents a voiceless dental fricative, as in th in the English word thick.

Some sources distinguish " diacritical marks " ( marks upon standard letters in the A-Z 26-letter alphabet ) from " special characters " ( letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet ) such as Old English and Icelandic eth ( Ð, ð ) and thorn ( uppercase Þ, lowercaseþ ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon Æ ( minuscule: æ ), and German eszett ( final-ß, often-ss even in German ).

In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn or " Þorn " and it survives as the Icelandic letter Þ ( þ ).

Some adaptations of the Latin alphabet are augmented with ligatures, such as æ in Old English and Icelandic and Ȣ in Algonquian ; by borrowings from other alphabets, such as the thorn þ in Old English and Icelandic, which came from the Futhark runes ; and by modifying existing letters, such as the eth ð of Old English and Icelandic, which is a modified d. Other alphabets only use a subset of the Latin alphabet, such as Hawaiian, and Italian, which uses the letters j, k, x, y and w only in foreign words.

( from Icelandic for " Æsir faith ", pronounced, in Old Norse ) is a form of Germanic neopaganism which developed in the United States from the 1970s.

is an Icelandic ( and equivalently Old Norse ) term consisting of two parts.

The term is the Old Norse / Icelandic translation of, a neologism coined in the context of 19th century romantic nationalism, used by Edvard Grieg in his 1870 opera Olaf Trygvason.

* In Germanic languages, except English, East Sea is used: Afrikaans ( Oossee ), Danish ( Østersøen ), Dutch ( Oostzee ), German ( Ostsee ), Icelandic and Faroese ( Eystrasalt ), Norwegian ( Østersjøen ), and Swedish ( Östersjön ).

In Icelandic, caraway is kúmen, while cumin is kúmín.

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the old Norwegian dialects before the influence of Danish and Bokmål is classified as a West Norse language together with Faroese and Icelandic.

A draugr, draug or ( Icelandic ) draugur ( original Old Norse plural draugar, as used here, not " draugrs "), or draugen ( Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, meaning " the draug "), also known as aptrganga (" afturgöngur " in modern Icelandic ) ( literally " after-walker ", or " one who walks after death ") is an undead creature from Norse mythology, a subset of Germanic mythology.

The original pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin, Old Norse Dyflin, modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn.

In Dutch, Easter is known as Pasen and in the Scandinavian languages Easter is known as påske ( Danish and Norwegian ), påsk ( Swedish ), páskar ( Icelandic ) and páskir ( Faeroese ).

The Norwegian expressions seldom appear in genuine folklore, and when they do, they are always used synonymous to huldrefolk or vetter, a category of earth-dwelling beings generally held to be more related to Norse dwarves than elves which is comparable to the Icelandic huldufólk ( hidden people ).

" A third, proposed in 1895 by Eiríkr Magnússon, but since discredited, is that it derives from the Icelandic place name Oddi, site of the church and school where students, including Snorri Sturluson, were educated.

The Poetic Edda, also known as Sæmundar Edda or the Elder Edda, is a collection of Old Norse poems from the Icelandic medieval manuscript Codex Regius (" Royal Book ").

The Prose Edda, sometimes referred to as the Younger Edda or Snorri's Edda is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories.

Eth ( Ð, ð ; also spelled edh or eð ) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese ( in which it is called edd ), and Elfdalian.

It is most similar to Icelandic and Old Norse.

In the Icelandic books the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, Freyr is presented as one of the Vanir, the son of the sea god Njörðr, brother of the goddess Freyja.

Sometimes " folklore " is religious in nature, like the tales of the Welsh Mabinogion or those found in Icelandic skaldic poetry.

Landsbanki then operated as a privately owned bank, competing in a free market, with substantial international activities added to its traditional Icelandic operations.

In January 2011, the Icelandic donor died and his penis was surgically removed so that it could be added to the museum's collection.

Commercial Icelandic manufacturers of skyr have added flavors such as vanilla, berries, etc.

Several different penmanship methods have been developed and published, including Spencerian, Getty-Dubay, Barchowsky Fluent Handwriting, Icelandic ( Italic ), Zaner-Bloser, and D ’ Nealian methods among others used in American education.

It was settled by Leif Ericsson, an Icelandic sailor, in 1000 A. D. Remains of this settlement can still be found in L ' Anse aux Meadows, northern Newfoundland.

Furthermore, the Faroese alphabet uses the Icelandic eth, which follows the D. Five of the six vowels A, I, O, U and Y can get accents and are after that considered separate letters.

A distinction is sometimes made between looped cursive hand ( writing ), such as the D ' Nealian method, in which the risers of the letters are slanted loops, and letters such as f, r, s, z, D, F, G, L, Q are quite distinct in shape from their printed counterparts, and cursive italic, such as Getty-Dubay, Portland, Eager, Queensland, Barchowsky, and Icelandic which are all derived from chancery cursive.

Back, the old Norse ( ON ) word for a hill or ridge is a quite straightforward translation ( Gaelic ( G ) bac a bank, ON Old Icelandic ( OI ) bakki a ridge, Danish ( D ), bakke Swedish ( Sw ) backe a hill, hillock ).

Most Icelandic surnames are based on patronymy, or the adoption of the father's first given name, followed by " son " or " daughter ".

Icelandic military tradition of the time followed closely developments in Norway.

To date, this is the only major law to have been made about the flag and coat of arms, aside from two laws made in 1991: one that defines official flag days as well as the time of day the flag can be drawn, and another that defines the specific colours that the Icelandic flag is composed of ( until then, the colouring had followed by convention ; the new law set the common custom in stone ).

In 2002 a new wave of rappers had followed their lead by rapping exclusively in Icelandic: Bæjarins bestu, the freestyle battle champs of Iceland in one unit, Móri, a gangsta rapper who uses Icelandic, Afkvæmi Guðanna ( The Offspring of the Gods ), Bent og 7Berg ( Bent and 7Berg ), Skytturnar ( The Marksmen ), Hæsta Hendin ( The Highest Hand ) and Forgotten Lores.

Other breeders in Great Britain followed McKintosh's lead, and the Icelandic Horse Society of Great Britain was formed in 1986.

The events were followed by the collapse of Iceland's banking sector, which led to the 2008 – 2012 Icelandic financial crisis.

The British Invasion and Beatlemania arrived in Iceland in 1964, and the indigenous groups Hljómar from Keflavík and Dátar from Reykjavík arose as Icelandic counterparts to The Beatles, later followed by Flowers, Bendix and other bands.

At the same time, financial oversight became increasingly lax ; this was followed by the collapse of the Icelandic banking system in 2008.

The album was followed by the release of The Lakes of Canada EP-which contains their one and only remix thus far, a remix of " Snow " by Icelandic electronic group GusGus.