Medieval theatre covers all drama produced in Europe over that thousand year period and refers to a variety of genres, including liturgical drama, mystery plays, morality plays, farces and masques.

* Medieval theatre

Jean Fouquet: The Martyrdom of St. Appolonia ( 1460 ), depicting the staging of a mystery play, led by a theatre directorIn Medieval times, the complexity of vernacular religious drama, with its large scale mystery plays that often included crowd scenes, processions and elaborate effects, gave the role of director ( or stage manager or pageant master ) considerable importance.

Having its roots in Medieval theatre, stage combat enters classical theatre choreography with Elizabethan drama ( Shakespeare's simple and oft seen stage direction, they fight ).

* Medieval theatre

* Medieval theatre

* Richard Southern, in his studies of Medieval theatre in the round, states that in this period the acting area was called The Green.

Medieval theatre often had a hellmouth prop or mechanical device which was used to attempt to scare the audience by vividly dramatizing an entrance to Hell.

He began his acting career in the 1980s as a member of the Medieval Players, a touring company performing medieval and early modern theatre, and featuring stilt-walking, juggling and puppetry.

Earlier in theatre history from 1500-1650 during Medieval theatre the orchestra pit was also called the yard and it was a lower level that lower-class members of the audience would stand to watch the show.

The Revenger ’ s Tragedy is influenced by Seneca and Medieval theatre.

* Medieval theatre

* Medieval theatre

* McDonald, R. Andrew, Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058 – 1266.

Alexander III ( Medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Alaxandair ; Modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Alasdair ) ( 4 September 1241 – 19 March 1286 ) was King of Scots from 1249 to his death.

* Armstrong, A., ( 1967 ), The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, pp. 196 – 200.

* Viking Bronze – Ancient and Early Medieval bronze casting

‘ Dating the Baptism of Clovis .’ In Early Medieval Europe, volume 7, pages 29 – 57.

* Alexander O ' Hara, " The Vita Columbani in Merovingian Gaul ," Early Medieval Europe, 17, 2 ( 2009 ), 126 – 153.

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.

Saint Columba ( 7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD )— also known as Colum Cille, or Chille ( Old Irish, meaning " dove of the church "), Colm Cille ( Irish ), Calum Cille ( Scottish Gaelic ), Colum Keeilley ( Manx Gaelic ) and Kolban or Kolbjørn ( Old Norse )— was a Gaelic Irish missionary monk who propagated Christianity among the Picts during the Early Medieval Period.

Constantine, son of Áed ( Medieval Gaelic: Constantín mac Áeda ; Modern Gaelic: Còiseam mac Aoidh, known in most modern regnal lists as Constantine II ; before 879 – 952 ) was an early King of Scotland, known then by the Gaelic name Alba.

The Corsican language has been influenced by the languages of the major powers taking an interest in Corsican affairs ; earlier by those of the Medieval Italian powers: Tuscany ( 828 – 1077 ), Pisa ( 1077 – 1282 ) and Genoa ( 1282 – 1768 ), more recently by France ( 1768 – present ), which, since 1789, has promulgated the official Parisian French.

The name was transmitted via the Latin delphinus ( the romanization of the later Greek δελφῖνος – delphinos ), which in Medieval Latin became dolfinus and in Old French daulphin, which reintroduced the ph into the word.

The Ship as Symbol in Prehistoric and Medieval Scandinavia: Papers from an International Research Seminar at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen, 5 – 7 May 1994.

* Brown, Elizabeth, ' The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe ', American Historical Review, 79 ( 1974 ), pp. 1063 – 8.

The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature, pp. 376 – 406.

** Medieval Greek or Byzantine Greek, ( 330 – 1453 AD )

At that time, the climate was not unlike today's, but there was a slightly warmer period from the 10th – 14th centuries known as the Medieval Warm Period.

( 2000 ) Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300 – 1500: East Anglia, Central England and Wales, Volume II.

( 2006 ) Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300 – 1500: Southern England.

The Vasojevići clan claim descent from Stephen Constantine of the Nemanjić dynasty ( that ruled Medieval Serbia, 1166 – 1371 ).

The word originates from the Latin loco – " from a place ", ablative of locus, " place " + Medieval Latin motivus, " causing motion ", and is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine, first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines.

* Abaskun – Medieval Caspian Sea trading port

* Ani – Medieval Armenian capital, located in Turkish side of Armenia-Turkey border.

Documents again began to be written in Sumerian, although Sumerian was becoming a purely literary or liturgical language, much as Latin later would be in Medieval Europe.

* Friedrich Heer Medieval World Europe 1100-1350

For instance, plate armour first appeared in Medieval Europe when water-powered trip hammers made the formation of plates faster and cheaper.

Medieval astrolabes of England and Western Europe depicted Altair and Vega as birds.

The weaponized threat comes mainly in the form of pneumonic plague ( infection by inhalation ) It was the disease that caused the Black Death in Medieval Europe.

In Europe, the Medieval Warm Period ended some time towards the end of the 13th century, bringing the " Little Ice Age " and harsher winters with reduced harvests.

Roman Law in Medieval Europe.

" The linking of David to earthly kingship was reflected in later Medieval cathedral windows all over Europe through the device of the Tree of Jesse, its branches demonstrating how divine kingship descended from Jesse, through his son David, to Jesus.

* Steven Epstein, Wage Labor & Guilds In Medieval Europe ( 1991 ) ISBN 0-8078-4498-5

Having defeated the Huns at Chalons and at the Nedao, migrating Germanic tribes invaded the Western Roman Empire and transformed it into Medieval Europe.

The Goths (; ; ; ; ) were an East Germanic tribe whose two branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe.

By ancient tradition, Basques, and indeed other peoples in Medieval Europe, held assemblies under a tree, usually an oak, to discuss matters affecting the community.

* Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City " The Function of Armor in Medieval and Renaissance Europe.

The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe ( 2001 )

( 2006 ) A Social and Economic History of Medieval Europe.

The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325-1520.

Medieval theologians, in western Europe, described the underworld (" hell ", " hades ", " infernum ") as divided into four distinct parts: Hell of the Damned ( which some call Gehenna ), Purgatory, Limbo of the Fathers or Patriarchs, and Limbo of the Infants.

With the continual discovery of " new " Medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of Historical European Martial Arts and other Western Martial Arts are growing in popularity across the United States and Europe.

Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages ( 3rd Edition ).

Bloch's article, " The Advent and Triumph of the Watermill in Medieval Europe ," incorporates these approaches by investigating the connections between technology and broader social issues.

The Medieval Inquisition was in response to large popular movements throughout Europe considered apostate or heretical to Christianity, in particular Catharism and Waldensians in southern France and northern Italy.