The objective random-assignment is used to test the significance of the null hypothesis, following the ideas of C. S. Peirce and Ronald A. Fisher.

The objectivity of science lies not in the psychology of individual scientists, but in the process of science and especially in statistical methods, as noted by C. S. Peirce.

From 1890 on, he had a friend and admirer in Judge Francis C. Russell of Chicago, who introduced Peirce to editor Paul Carus and owner Edward C. Hegeler of the pioneering American philosophy journal The Monist, which eventually published articles by Peirce, at least 14.

His imposing contemporaries William James and Josiah Royce admired him, and Cassius Jackson Keyser at Columbia and C. K. Ogden wrote about Peirce with respect, but to no immediate effect.

Some important contributors to the field of experimental designs are C. S. Peirce, R. A. Fisher, F. Yates, C. R. Rao, R. C. Bose, J. N. Srivastava, Shrikhande S. S., D. Raghavarao, W. G. Cochran, O. Kempthorne, W. T. Federer, V. V. Fedorov, A. S. Hedayat, J.

* Peirce, C. S. ( 1877 – 1878 ), " Illustrations of the Logic of Science " ( series ), Popular Science Monthly, vols.

* Peirce, C. S. ( 1883 ), " A Theory of Probable Inference ", Studies in Logic, pp. 126-181, Little, Brown, and Company.

A later propensity theory was proposed by philosopher Karl Popper, who had only slight acquaintance with the writings of C. S. Peirce, however.

Scholars who have talked about semiosis in their sub-theories of semiotics include C. S. Peirce, John Deely, and Umberto Eco.

* Semiotics according to Robert Marty, with 76 definitions of the sign by C. S. Peirce

* Peirce, C. S., Bibliography.

* Peirce, C. S., Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols.

* Peirce, C. S.

* Peirce, C. S.

* Peirce, C. S., Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols.

* Peirce, C. S.

Other widely used pendulums of this design were made by Charles Peirce and C. Defforges.

Both Bruno de Finetti and Frank P. Ramsey acknowledge their debts to pragmatic philosophy, particularly ( for Ramsey ) to Charles S. Peirce.

This work demonstrates that Bayesian-probability propositions can be falsified, and so meet an empirical criterion of Charles S. Peirce, whose work inspired Ramsey.

Charles Sanders Peirce, who had read Kant closely and who also had some knowledge of Aristotle, proposed a system of merely three phenomenological categories: Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness, which he repeatedly invoked in his subsequent writings.

* Charles Sanders Peirce, 1992, 1998.

The Essential Peirce, vols.

An innovator in mathematics, statistics, philosophy, research methodology, and various sciences, Peirce considered himself, first and foremost, a logician.

Peirce was born at 3 Phillips Place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He was the son of Sarah Hunt Mills and Benjamin Peirce, himself a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard University and perhaps the first serious research mathematician in America.

One of his Harvard instructors, Charles William Eliot, formed an unfavorable opinion of Peirce.

This opinion proved fateful, because Eliot, while President of Harvard 1869 – 1909 — a period encompassing nearly all of Peirce's working life — repeatedly vetoed Harvard's employing Peirce in any capacity.

Peirce suffered from his late teens onward from a nervous condition then known as " facial neuralgia ", which would today be diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia.

Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed his highly influential father's protection until the latter's death in 1880.

That employment exempted Peirce from having to take part in the Civil War ; it would have been very awkward for him to do so, as the Boston Brahmin Peirces sympathized with the Confederacy.

Peirce took years to write reports that he should have completed in months.

In 1885, an investigation by the Allison Commission exonerated Peirce, but led to the dismissal of Superintendent Julius Hilgard and several other Coast Survey employees for misuse of public funds.

The Charles S. Peirce Society was founded in 1946.

A theory of statistical inference was developed by Charles S. Peirce in " Illustrations of the Logic of Science " ( 1877 – 1878 ) and " A Theory of Probable Inference " ( 1883 ), two publications that emphasized the importance of randomization-based inference in statistics.

Charles S. Peirce randomly assigned volunteers to a blinded, repeated-measures design to evaluate their ability to discriminate weights.

Charles S. Peirce also contributed the first English-language publication on an optimal design for regression-models in 1876.

" This generation included distinguished artists such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, T. S. Eliot, John Dos Passos, Waldo Peirce, Isadora Duncan, Abraham Walkowitz, Alan Seeger, and Erich Maria Remarque.

In 1909, Charles S. Peirce proposed a graphical notation of nodes and edges called " existential graphs " that he called " the logic of the future ".

* Peirce, Charles S. ( 1934 ).

In 1879, Peirce was appointed Lecturer in logic at the new Johns Hopkins University, which was strong in a number of areas that interested him, such as philosophy ( Royce and Dewey did their PhDs at Hopkins ), psychology ( taught by G. Stanley Hall and studied by Joseph Jastrow, who coauthored a landmark empirical study with Peirce ), and mathematics ( taught by J. J. Sylvester, who came to admire Peirce's work on mathematics and logic ).

The publication of the first six volumes of the Collected Papers ( 1931 – 35 ), the most important event to date in Peirce studies and one that Cohen made possible by raising the needed funds, did not prompt an outpouring of secondary studies.

Peirce has gained a significant international following, marked by university research centers devoted to Peirce studies and pragmatism in Brazil ( CeneP / CIEP ), Finland (

Charles Sanders Peirce was a fallibilist and the most developed form of fallibilism can be traced to Karl Popper ( 1902 – 1994 ) whose first book Logik Der Forschung ( The Logic of Scientific Discovery ), 1934 introduced a " conjectural turn " into the philosophy of science and epistemology at large.

Nonetheless, decades later, in Cinéma I and Cinema II ( 1983 – 1985 ), the philosopher Gilles Deleuze took Matter and Memory as the basis of his philosophy of film and revisited Bergson's concepts, combining them with the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce.

* Ian Peirce, Ewart Oakeshott ( Introduction ), Swords of the Viking Age, 2004, ISBN 0-85115-914-1

* Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1839 – 1914 ), a noted logician who founded philosophical pragmatism, defined semiosis as an irreducibly triadic process wherein something, as an object, logically determines or influences something as a sign to determine or influence something as an interpretation or interpretant, itself a sign, thus leading to further interpretants.

Like its dual, the NOR operator ( a. k. a. the Peirce arrow or Quine dagger ), NAND can be used by itself, without any other logical operator, to constitute a logical formal system ( making NAND functionally complete ).

* Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1869 ), Translation and commentary on selected passages from Ockham, Peirce Edition Project.

Indeed, the highly original and influential American logician, Charles Sanders Peirce ( 1839 – 1914 ), wrote that his lifelong fascination with logic began when he read Whately's Elements of Logic as a 12 year old boy.

* Peirce, C. S. ( 1869 ), " Professor Porter's Human Intellect " ( review ), The Nation 8, 211-13 ( March 18, 1869 ).

Joseph Peirce ( F ), until 1802

When preparing his own text book on Logic entitled A Critick of Arguments: How to Reason ( also known as the Grand Logic ), Peirce wrote, ' I shall suppose the reader to be acquainted with what is contained in Dr Watts ' Logick, a book ... far superior to the treatises now used in colleges, being the production of a man distinguished for good sense.

Peirce ( CP 5. 11-12 ), like James saw pragmatism as embodying familiar attitudes, in philosophy and elsewhere, elaborated into a new deliberate method of thinking and resolving dilemmas.