The design of the instrument was based on that of an instrument flown on the Pioneer Venus spacecraft.

* Pioneer 5 ( Pioneer P-2, Thor-Able 4, Pioneer V ) – interplanetary space between Earth and Venus, launched March 11, 1960

In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner solar system, with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe, this time using orbital insertion rather than flyby missions.

Artist's conception of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft

* Pioneer Venus Orbiter ( Pioneer Venus 1, Pioneer 12 ) – launched December 1978

* Pioneer Venus Multiprobe ( Pioneer Venus 2, Pioneer 13 ) – launched August 1978

** Pioneer Venus Probe Bus – transport vehicle and upper atmosphere probe

** Pioneer Venus Large Probe – 300 kg parachuted probe

** Pioneer Venus North Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

** Pioneer Venus Night Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

** Pioneer Venus Day Probe – 75 kg impactor probe

* Pioneer Venus – first Venus orbiter + landers

In 1980, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter indeed showed that Venus has a small weak magnetic field.

# REDIRECT Pioneer Venus project # Pioneer Venus Orbiter

Cloud structure in Atmosphere of Venus | the Venusian atmosphere in 1979, revealed by ultraviolet observations by Pioneer Venus Orbiter

Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer Venus Orbiter was launched in 1978, and studied the planet for more than a decade after orbital insertion in 1978.

Pioneer Venus Orbiter or Pioneer Venus 1 was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978.

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter carried 17 experiments ( with a total mass of 45 kg ):

In order to understand the micrometeoroid population better, a number of spacecraft ( including Lunar Orbiter 1, Luna 3, Mars 1 and Pioneer 5 ) have carried micrometeoroid detectors.

* Pioneer Venus Orbiter

# REDIRECT Pioneer Venus project # Pioneer Venus Orbiter

Had this mission and spacecraft been launched, it would have been designated Pioneer 12 ; that designation was later applied to the Pioneer Venus Orbiter.

Pioneer Venus Orbiter data indicates that Venus does not have a significant magnetic field.

* 1958 – Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails.

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.

* 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the central Solar System when it passes beyond the orbit of Neptune ( the furthest planet from the Sun at the time ).

Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 | 11 are the most famous probes in the Pioneer program, the first probes to visit the Solar system # Outer planets | outer planets, and the first to go beyond the orbit of Pluto.

* Pioneer P-30 ( Atlas-Able 5A, Pioneer Y ) – Lunar probe, failed to achieve lunar orbit September 25, 1960

Sedna's orbit ( left ) is longer than 100 Tm, but other lengths are between 10 and 100 Tm: Comet Hale-Bopp's orbit ( lower, faint orange ); one light-day ( yellow spherical shell with yellow Vernal point arrow as radius ); the heliosphere's Heliosphere # Termination shock | termination shock ( blue shell ); and other arrows show positions of Voyager 1 ( red ) and Pioneer 10 ( green ).

Pioneer 0 ( also known as Thor-Able 1 ) was a failed United States space probe that was designed to go into orbit around the Moon, carrying a television camera, a micrometeorite detector and a magnetometer, as part of the first International Geophysical Year ( IGY ) science payload.

It was designed by the United States Air Force ( USAF ) as the first satellite in the Pioneer program and was one of the first attempted launches beyond Earth orbit by any country, but the rocket failed shortly after launch.

Shortly after launch at 07: 30: 00 UTC on November 8, 1958, the third stage of the launch vehicle separated but failed to ignite, and Pioneer 2 did not achieve its intended lunar orbit.

Pioneer 3The flight plan called for the Pioneer 3 probe to pass close to the Moon after 33. 75 hours and then go into solar orbit.

Pioneer 4 was a spin-stabilized spacecraft launched as part of the Pioneer program on a lunar flyby trajectory and into a heliocentric orbit making it the first U. S. probe to escape from the Earth's gravity.

In 1978, the space probe Pioneer Venus 1 went into orbit around Venus for the purpose of making radar observations of the Venusian surface.

Its ground for this recommendation was that, while petitioner claimed before the local board August 17, 1956 ( as evidenced by its memorandum in his file of that date ), that he was devoting 100 hours per month to actual preaching, the headquarters of the Jehovah's Witnesses reported that he was no longer doing so and, on the contrary, had relinquished both his Pioneer and Bible Student Servant positions.

Pioneer Hi-Bred has marketed corn hybrids with tolerance to imidazoline herbicides under the trademark " Clearfield "-though in these hybrids, the herbicide-tolerance trait was bred using tissue culture selection and the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate not genetic engineering.

Originally called the Pioneer Mill, it was built by John R. Yale.

Sagan assembled the first physical message that was sent into space: a gold-anodized plaque, attached to the space probe Pioneer 10, launched in 1972.

Pioneer 11, also carrying another copy of the plaque, was launched the following year.

Its organization was subdivided into communist parties of the constituent Soviet republics as well as the mass youth organisation, the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League ( Komsomol ) and, for children, the Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union.

This highly publicized tournament included hula hoops as holes, published, rules, hole lengths, pars, penalties, Wham-O prizes and, an event in which Fred Morrison, the Frisbee inventor was in attendance ( see article published in the fall issue of Discgolfer Magazine " Disc Golf's Unknown Pioneer " www. omagdigital. com / display_article. php? id = 835174 ).

PTP made US news in August 2002 when their hotspot at Pioneer Courthouse Square was blocked by a for-fee hotspot at a nearby Starbucks coffee shop.

In 1963 Jacques-André Istel from Pioneer Parachute Company bought a license from Lemoigne to manufacture and sell the 24-gore ascending-gliding parachute which was trade-named " parasail ".

A new production, with a revised libretto by David Rambo, was produced by the Pioneer Theatre Company in Salt Lake City, Utah and ran from September 28, 2007, through October 13, 2007.

The Pioneer program is a series of United States unmanned space missions that was designed for planetary exploration.

He suggested " Pioneer " as the name of the probe since " the Army had already launched and orbited the Explorer satellite and their Public Information Office was identifying the Army as ' Pioneers in Space ,'" and by adopting the name the Air Force would " make a ' quantum jump ' as to who really the ' Pioneers in space.

In 2007 he was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music.

On June 20, 2007, Jennings was posthumously awarded the Cliffie Stone Pioneer Award by the Academy of Country Music.

NATO's deployment of these missiles was a response to the Soviet deployment of the SS-20 Pioneer, which could hit most European NATO bases within minutes of launch.

Following a private service, a public memorial was held on June 1, in Pioneer Park, in Nevada City.

In October 2006, Gabriel was given the first Pioneer Award at the BT Digital Music Awards, an award presented in recognition of his " profound and lasting influence on the development of digital music.

Pioneers Palace-After it was banned, the Pioneer organization had its property confiscated.

* Cuba ( José Martí Pioneer Organization ) Established in 1961 ; in 2001 it was elected to the Global 500 Roll of Honour of the United Nations Environment Programme for its environmental activities.

As the test was successful, the Fast Patrol Boats Bold Pioneer and Bold Pathfinder built in 1953 were the first ships created specifically for gas turbine propulsion.

The US Navy bought the AAI Pioneer UAV that was jointly developed by American AAI Corporation and Israeli Mazlat, this type of drone is still in use.

The trapped radiation was first mapped out by Explorer 4, Pioneer 3 and Luna 1.