The Qianlong Emperor in ceremonial armor on horseback, painted by Giuseppe Castiglione ( 1688 – 1766 ) | Giuseppe Castiglione, dated 1739 or 1758.

Qianlong Emperor Practicing Calligraphy, mid-18th century.

The portraits of Kangxi Emperor, Yongzheng Emperor, and Qianlong Emperor are excellent examples of realistic Chinese portrait painting.

He soon won the confidence of the Qianlong Emperor and spent the remainder of his life at Beijing.

He was a correspondent of the Académie des Sciences, official translator of Western languages for Emperor Qianlong, and the spiritual leader of the French mission in Peking.

Kazakhs deliver a white horse as a gift to the Qianlong Emperor of China ( 1757 ), soon after the Qing conquest of Xinjiang.

Dutch ambassador Isaac Titsingh did not refuse to kowtow during the course of his 1794-1795 mission to the Imperial Court of Emperor Qianlong.

The Qianlong Emperor sponsored the largest collection of writings in Chinese history, the Siku Quanshu completed in 1782.

The Southern Temple has been a popular subject of wuxia fiction, first appearing in the 1893 novel Shengchao Ding Sheng Wannian Qing, where it is attacked by the Qianlong Emperor with the help of the White Eyebrow Taoist.

The Chinese Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, completed in 1771, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

* October 18 – The Qianlong Emperor succeeds Yongzheng and begins a 60-year-long reign of the Qing Dynasty.

* February 9 – The Qianlong Emperor abdicates at age 84 to make way for his son, the Jiaqing Emperor.

* Construction of the Puning Temple complex in Chengde, China is complete, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

* June – The Macartney Embassy, a British diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.

* February 7 – Qianlong Emperor of China ( b. 1711 )

* September 25 – Qianlong Emperor of China ( d. 1799 )

* Construction of the Putuo Zongcheng Temple complex in Chengde, China is completed during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.

According to the standards of the Qianlong Emperor and successive regimes, " cooked " was synonymous with having assimilated to Han cultural norms, and living as a subject of the Empire, but retained a pejorative designation to signify the perceived cultural lacking of the non-Han people (), ().

#: However, the use of era names makes many mistake these for the names of the emperors themselves, and many scholars therefore encourage a reversed wording for Ming and Qing emperors, e. g., the Kangxi Emperor, the Qianlong Emperor, et cetera.

During the reigns of the Yongzheng Emperor and the Qianlong Emperor, the restriction began to be relaxed.

Detail of Dragon Throne used by the Qianlong Emperor of China, Forbidden City, Qing Dynasty.

Other art works produced in China or Hong Kong were sold in places such as Christie's including a Chinese porcelain piece with the mark of Emperor Qianlong sold for HKD $ $ 151. 3 million.

Since there is a mark of the Qing Dynasty ruler Qianlong ( r. 1735 – 1796 ) of China, dated 1770, this Korean-designed rain gauge is sometimes misunderstood as having been imported from China.

King Taksin sent three diplomatic envoys to China in 1767, which then was under the reign of Qianlong Emperor.

During his reign, he prosecuted Heshen ( 和珅 ) ( the corrupt favourite of Qianlong ) and attempted to restore the state and curb the smuggling of opium inside China.

The Qianlong Emperor ( Wade-Giles: Chien-lung Emperor ; born Hongli ( Wade-Giles: Hung-li ; ; Manchu language: ; Möllendorff transliteration: hung li ); 25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799 ) was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

One of Qianlong ’ s grandest projects was to " assemble a team of China ’ s finest scholars for the purpose of assembling, editing, and printing the largest collection ever made of Chinese philosophy, history, and literature.

The first, more widely circulated in southern China, says that Qianlong is actually the son of Chen Shiguan ( 陳世倌 ), a Qing minister from Haining, Zhejiang.

The second legend on Qianlong's origins, more popular in northern China, stated that during a trip to the Mulan Hunting Ground ( 木蘭圍場 ) in Rehe Province, Yongzheng had an illegitimate affair with a palace maid and they conceived a son, who would become the Qianlong Emperor.

Emperor Lê Chiêu Thống fled to China and appealed to Emperor Qianlong () for help.

Being the living father of an emperor was an unusual situation in the last centuries of imperial China, a situation that had existed only between 1796 and 1799 when the Qianlong Emperor abdicated in favour of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor, and became known as a Retired Emperor.

Although technically no longer the reigning sovereign, there are instances like the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China or several emperors of the Trần Dynasty in Vietnam, where the emperor continued to exert considerable if not more power than the reigning emperor.

Emperor Qianlong rejected his request, and stated that China was the foremost and most divine nation on Earth and had no interest in foreign goods, and rejected the idea that Great Britain could negotiate with China as an equal nation.

Cover for Square Table, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1736 – 1795, China.

It was erected in the years 1751 to 1764, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, and was built in the style of the delicate bridges in the country-side of southern China.

Detail of Dragon Throne used by the Qianlong Emperor of China, Forbidden City, Qing Dynasty.

* 1871 – Guangxu Emperor of China ( d. 1908 )

* 1378 – Hongxi Emperor of China ( d. 1425 )

* 1582 – Taichang Emperor, of China ( d. 1620 )

* 1521 – Zhengde Emperor of China ( b. 1491 )

* 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.

In China, the Hongwu Emperor created and refined a document he called Ancestral Injunctions ( first published in 1375, revised twice more before his death in 1398 ).

Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that enabled the Emperor of China to directly control vast territories.

Ming China under the reign of the Yongle Emperor

Emperor Yong-le strenuously tried to extend China's influence beyond its borders by demanding other rulers send ambassadors to China to present tribute.

In 1449 Esen Tayisi led an Oirat Mongol invasion of northern China which culminated in the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor at Tumu.

Between 1673 and 1681, the Emperor Kangxi suppressed an uprising of three generals in Southern China who had been denied hereditary rule to large fiefdoms granted by the previous emperor ; he also put down a Ming restorationist invasion from Taiwan, called the Revolt of the Three Feudatories.

A Tale of Two Melons: Emperor and Subject in Ming China.

Chaste widows were revered as heroes during the Ming and Qing periods, and were deemed so central to China ’ s culture and the fate of all peoples, the Yongle Emperor distributed 10, 000 copies of the Biographies of Exemplary Women ( Lienü Zhuan ) to various non-Chinese countries for their moral instruction.

Mail was introduced to China when its allies in Central Asia paid tribute to the Tang Emperor in 718 by giving him a coat of " link armour " assumed to be mail.

Chiang Kai-shek considered both the Han Chinese and all the minority peoples of China, the Five Races Under One Union, as descendants of Huangdi, the Yellow Emperor and semi mythical founder of the Chinese nation, and belonging to the Chinese Nation Zhonghua Minzu and he introduced this into Kuomintang ideology, which was propagated into the educational system of the Republic of China.

Statue of Yang Guifei ( 719-756 ), the favoured concubine of Emperor Tang Xuanzong of China.

A European painting of an Emperor of China inspecting his fantasy fishing fleet with his concubines

For example, in one of the Four Great Classical Novels of China, The Dream of the Red Chamber ( believed to be a semi-autobiographical account of author Cao Xueqin's own family life ), three generations of the Jia family are supported by one favorite concubine of the Emperor.

Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guang and other scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065 and they presented it to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1084.

The oldest confirmed written mention of dominoes in China comes from the Former Events in Wulin ( i. e. the capital Hangzhou ) written by the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) author Zhou Mi ( 1232 – 1298 ), who listed " pupai " ( gambling plaques or dominoes ) as well as dice as items sold by peddlers during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song ( r. 1162 – 1189 ).

* 1377 – Jianwen, Emperor of China ( d. 1402 )

* 1447 – Chenghua, Emperor of China ( d. 1487 )