William John Macquorn Rankine and Pierre Henri Hugoniot independently developed the theory for flow properties before and after a shock wave.

Thus, when the fluid finally does strike the object, it is forced to change its properties -- temperature, density, pressure, and Mach number -- in an extremely violent and irreversible fashion called a shock wave.

Hypersonic flow is characterized by high temperature flow behind a shock wave, viscous interaction, and chemical dissociation of gas.

In physical terms, a supersonic shock wave initiates from the point of contact.

As this shock wave expands, it decelerates and compresses the impactor, and it accelerates and compresses the target.

Stress levels within the shock wave far exceed the strength of solid materials ; consequently, both the impactor and the target close to the impact site are irreversibly damaged.

Many other shock-related changes take place within both impactor and target as the shock wave passes through, and some of these changes can be used as diagnostic tools to determine whether particular geological features were produced by impact cratering.

As the shock wave decays, the shocked region decompresses towards more usual pressures and densities.

The damage produced by the shock wave raises the temperature of the material.

As well as being heated, the target near the impact is accelerated by the shock wave, and it continues moving away from the impact behind the decaying shock wave.

Contact, compression, decompression, and the passage of the shock wave all occur within a few tenths of a second for a large impact.

This term is used to describe an explosive phenomenon whereby the decomposition is propagated by an explosive shock wave traversing the explosive material.

Laser-and arc-heating are used in laser detonators, exploding-bridgewire detonators, and exploding foil initiators, where a shock wave and then detonation in conventional chemical explosive material is created by laser-or electric-arc heating.

The decomposition is propagated by a flame front ( deflagration ) which travels much more slowly through the explosive material than a shock wave of a high explosive.

Blast doors are designed to absorb the shock wave of a nuclear blast, bending and then returning to their original shape.

The shock wave from the explosion was recorded on barographs around the globe.

The blast from a nuclear bomb is the result of X-ray-heated air ( the fireball ) sending a shock / pressure wave in all directions at a velocity greater than the speed of sound ( aka, the " Mach-Stem "), analogous to thunder generated by lightning.

The blast sent out a hyper-intensified shock wave which travelled at ( slightly above ) the speed of sound, turning buildings into shrapnel.

Astronomers speculate that this phenomenon is caused by the shock wave from a supernova.

The probe causes the sun to go supernova, sending a shock wave towards the observatory.

The Veridian sun collapses and Soran and Picard are transported to the Nexus before the shock wave annihilates the planet.

`` Damn you, Adams '' -- Jess was beginning to recover from his initial shock.

Plus flawless skin, smooth brow and cheeks, lips that looked as if you could get a shock from them.

it was Baker who thought of lessening the shock, which conscription always brings to a country, by substituting `` Greetings from your neighbors '' for the recruiting sergeant, and registration in familiar voting places rather than at military installations.

The week after Manassas the sound of horses in the yard brought Kate up in shock from an afternoon's rest when she saw the Federal soldiers from her upstairs window.

Home air conditioning has come a long way from the early days of overcooled theaters and the thermal shock they inflicted.

As the first collective confrontation of the Nazi outrage, the Trial of Eichmann represents a recovery of the Jews from the shock of the death camps, a recovery that took fifteen years and which is still by no means complete ( though let no one believe that it could be hastened by silence ).

Much of its shock value derives from the fact that the first portion of the essay describes the plight of starving beggars in Ireland, so that the reader is unprepared for the surprise of Swift's solution when he states, " A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled ; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragoust.

At the speed of sound the way that lift is generated changes dramatically, from being dominated by Bernoulli's principle to forces generated by shock waves.

Image showing shock waves from NASA's X-43A hypersonic research vehicle in flight at Mach 7, generated using a computational fluid dynamics algorithm. On September 30, 1935 an exclusive conference was held in Rome with the topic of high velocity flight and the possibility of breaking the sound barrier.

Villeroi, posting himself near Offus, watched anxiously the redcoats ' advance, mindful of the counsel he had received on 6 May from Louis XIV – " Have particular care to that part of the line which will endure the first shock of the English troops.

Death from Ebola virus disease is commonly due to multiple organ failure and hypovolemic shock.

Newspapers of the period reported that the announcement of the new party came as a complete shock to MPs from all sides of the Commons, including members of the Manifesto Group, as the ' Gang of Four ' had kept their preparations a closely guarded secret.

The prey can survive the attack and die afterwards from internal bleeding or circulatory shock.

Though astronomers are not sure what has caused this ring of new stars, some hypothesize that it is from shock waves caused by a bar that is thus far invisible.

One possible explanation was that upwardly accelerating shock waves from the impact accelerated charged particles enough to cause auroral emission, a phenomenon more typically associated with fast-moving solar wind particles striking a planetary atmosphere near a magnetic pole.

But the introduction of the wraparound saddle during the Middle Ages provided greater efficiency in mounted shock combat and the important invention of the stirrup enabled a broader array of attacks to be delivered from the back of a horse.

" He goes on to say that Calef's collection of writings " gave a shock to Mather's influence, from which it never recovered.

Still, most of the economic hardship that struck many of the former East Bloc countries and the post-Soviet states comes from the program of shock therapy.

Santolla stated he is a Catholic and this has received a small amount of shock and ridicule from some metal fans.

They are different from earthquakes followed by a series of aftershocks by the fact that no single earthquake in the sequence is obviously the main shock, therefore none have notable higher magnitudes than the other.