Abstraction is a process by which higher concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal (" real " or " concrete ") concepts, first principles, or other methods.

Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined ; thus effective communication about things in the abstract requires an intuitive or common experience between the communicator and the communication recipient.

Abstraction captures only those details about an object that are relevant to the current perspective.

Among the dominant trends in the Post-Painterly Abstraction are Hard-Edged Painters such as Ellsworth Kelly and Frank Stella who explored relationships between tightly ruled shapes and edges, in Stella's case, between the shapes depicted on the surface and the literal shape of the support and Color-Field Painters such as Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis, who stained first Magna then water-based acrylic paints into unprimed canvas, exploring tactile and optical aspects of large, vivid fields of pure, open color.

Californian art from the 1950s through the 1970s is a particular strength, with artwork by Sam Francis, Richard Diebenkorn, Ronald Davis, Larry Bell, Edward Ruscha, Kenneth Price, Charles Arnoldi, and Ed Moses, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction are represented by Ronald Davis, Sam Francis, Kenneth Noland, Ronnie Landfield, Frank Stella, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Showell.

Others are formed based only on the interests of students in a specific field, including Abstraction ( computer science ), the Calvin Student Nursing Association, Calvin Business Forum, Calvin Entrepreneurship Club, Econ Club, Organization of Student Social Workers, Pre-Dental Club, Pre-Medical Club, Pre-Veterinary Medicine Society, Society for the Promotion of Education ( SPEC ), SPQR: The Classics Club, and the Philosophy Symposium.

In the light of the Service Abstraction principle, this type of architecture only documents the service contract and any published service-level agreement ( SLA ); internal details of each service are not included.

Nine other noteworthy topics that Godfrey wrote about in the Quodlibetal are Subject of metaphysics, Division of being, Analogy of being, Transcendentals, Essence and existence, Knowledge of God ’ s existence and essence, eternity of the world, Substance and accidents, and Abstraction

Commonly used terms to describe the three separate but related groups are Abstract expressionism, Post-Painterly Abstraction, and Lyrical Abstraction.

Abstraction is the thought process in which ideas are distanced from objects.

Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined ; thus speaking of things in the abstract demands that the listener have an intuitive or common experience with the speaker, if the speaker expects to be understood.

The modules are controlled by an internal language called the Direct Matrix Abstraction Program ( DMAP ).

In doing this, work analysis ( e. g., Vicente, 1999 ) and multi-level means ends representations of work domain constraints ( i. e., Rasmussen's Abstraction Hierarchy ) are the typical methods used to specify the ' deep structure ' of a work domain.

After the Second World War the term School of Paris often referred to Tachisme, Lyrical Abstraction, the European equivalent of American abstract expressionism and those artists are also related to Cobra.

Refinement of the lipid composition to tune fluidity, surface charge density and surface hydration resulted in vesicles that adsorb fewer proteins from serum and thus are less readily recognized by the immune system.

* Noise and Refinement: OHV engines are generally noisier than their OHC counterparts owing to the increased complexity of the valvetrain and the adoption of chain or gear based camshaft drive.

If the patient wants to change the end position because the actual position is not optimal, new aligners are ordered, which are usually included in the originally quoted cost, called a ' Refinement.

" Henry then commended Martin for his restraints on the State of Franklin settlers, whose " frequent Butcherys of Indians & Refinement in cruelty sufficiently characterize these people who are Mr Martins decided Foes.

This aircraft, which was planned for initial operational use about 1965, would be complementary to but likewise competitive with the four strategic ballistic missile systems, all of which are scheduled to become available earlier.

The technological, operative approach, which she calls extraverted, and the mystic, contemplative, psychological one, which she calls introverted are not mutually exclusive, but complementary instead, as meditation requires practice in the real world, and conversely.

However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea, he would leave the Delphic oracle to Dionysus.

When a specific allophone ( from a set of allophones that correspond to a phoneme ) must be selected in a given context ( i. e. using a different allophone for a phoneme will cause confusion or make the speaker sound non-native ), the allophones are said to be complementary ( i. e. the allophones complement each other, and one is not used in a situation where the usage of another is standard ).

For example, as in pin and as in spin are allophones for the phoneme in the English language because they cannot distinguish words ( in fact, they occur in complementary distribution ).

However, when there are complementary allophones of a phoneme, so that the allophony is significant, things become more complicated.

Critics maintain that the terms “ complementary ” and “ alternative medicine ” are deceptive euphemisms meant to give an impression of medical authority.

Edzard Ernst has said that in Austria and Germany complementary and alternative medicine is mainly in the hands of physicians, while some estimates suggest that at least half of American alternative practitioners are physicians.

The terms ' integrative ' or ' integrated medicine ' indicate combinations of conventional and alternative medical treatments that have some scientific proof of efficacy ; such practices are viewed by advocates as the best examples of complementary medicine.

In molecular biology and genetics, the linking between two nitrogenous bases on opposite complementary DNA or certain types of RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds is called a base pair ( often abbreviated bp ).

Purines are complementary only with pyrimidines: pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairings are energetically unfavorable because the molecules are too far apart for hydrogen bonding to be established ; purine-purine pairings are energetically unfavorable because the molecules are too close, leading to overlap repulsion.

4-Both cells synthesize a complementary strand to produce a double stranded circular plasmid and also reproduce pili ; both cells are now viable donors.

In the first type, a researcher may design short pieces of DNA (" probes ") whose sequences are complementary to the mutated sequences.

Although it's increasingly common for couples – particularly younger couples – to have " power neutral " relationships and / or play styles, activities and relationships within a BDSM context are often characterized by the participants ' taking on complementary, but unequal roles ; thus, the idea of informed consent of both the partners becomes essential.

The two approaches are now regarded as complementary, each providing its own insights into the problem of chemical bonding.

In the Rigveda, earth and sky are frequently addressed as a duality, often indicated by the idea of two complementary " half-shells.

Single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase using the complementary strand of the double helix as a template ,, with DNA ligase creating the final phosphodiester bond to fully repair the DNA.

Angles whose sum is a right angle are called complementary.

The number of rays in between the two original rays are infinite like those possible in the complementary angle.

The two approaches are complementary rather than competitive, but they do result in different perspectives and, sometimes, conflicts of opinion about matters of substance.

Here, complementary or quasi-complementary devices are each used for amplifying the opposite halves of the input signal, which is then recombined at the output.

( c ) Ligeantia localis, by operation of law, when a friendly alien enters the country, because so long as they are in the country they are within the Sovereign's protection, therefore they owe the Sovereign a local obedience or allegiance ( R v Cowle ( 1759 ) 2 Burr 834 ; Low v Routledge ( 1865 ) 1 Ch App 42 ; Re Johnson, Roberts v Attorney-General 1 Ch 821 ; Tingley v Muller 2 Ch 144 ; Rodriguez v Speyer AC 59 ; Johnstone v Pedlar 2 AC 262 ; R v Tucker ( 1694 ) Show Parl Cas 186 ; R v Keyn ( 1876 ) 2 Ex D 63 ; Re Stepney Election Petn, Isaacson v Durant ( 1886 ) 17 QBD 54 );

Since in oral languages the elements of sound are for the most part produced linearly in time ( that is, in a word like cat the a sound comes after the c sound, and the t sound comes after that ), they can generally be easily written in a linear ( one-dimensional ) writing system such as an alphabet.

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

Amalric of Bena ( Amaury de Bène or Amaury de Chartres ; Almaricus, Amalricus, Amauricus ; died c. 1204-1207 ) was a French theologian, after whom the Amalricians are named.

If a ) testimonies conflict one another, b ) there are a small number of witnesses, c ) the speaker has no integrity, d ) the speaker is overly hesitant or bold, or e ) the speaker is known to have motives for lying, then the epistemologist has reason to be skeptical of the speaker's claims.

The ACLU is a 501 ( c )( 4 ) corporation which also engages in political lobbying, and donations to that component of the ACLU are not tax deductible.

The ACLU Foundation is a 501 ( c )( 3 ) non-profit corporation, which does not engage in lobbying, and donations to it are tax deductible .< ref name =" nonprofit ">

In the Levant, artifacts which may be arrow-shaft straighteners are known from the Natufian culture, ( c. 12, 800 – 10, 300 BP ( before present )) onwards.

For a two-dimensional array, the element with indices i, j would have address B + c · i + d · j, where the coefficients c and d are the row and column address increments, respectively.

In Analytical Geometry a section of a line can be given by the formula where ( c, d )&( e, f ) are the endpoints of the line & m: n is the ratio of division

The later Neapolitan operas ( L ' amor volubile e tiranno 1709 ; La principessa fedele 1710 ; Tigrane, 1714, & c .) are showy and effective rather than profoundly emotional ; the instrumentation marks a great advance on previous work, since the main duty of accompanying the voice is thrown upon the string quartet, the harpsichord being reserved exclusively for the noisy instrumental ritornelli.

The proapoptotic homodimers are required to make the mitochondrial membrane permeable for the release of caspase activators such as cytochrome c and SMAC.

There are three main versions of the Book of Daniel: the twelve-chapter version preserved in the Masoretic text and two longer Greek versions ( the original Septuagint version, c. 100 BCE, and the later Theodotion version, c. 2nd century CE ).

The events of Judges are set " between c. 1380 and the rise of Saul, c.

( Technically, the quantum states are rays of vectors in the Hilbert space, as corresponds to the same state for any nonzero complex number c .)

In what follows, c < sub > 1 </ sub > and c < sub > 2 </ sub > denote arbitrary complex numbers, c * denotes the complex conjugate of c, A and B denote arbitrary linear operators, and these properties are to hold for any choice of bras and kets.

Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed ( in the scheme a, b, c, b ), which has been taken to suggest that, originally, ballads consisted of couplets ( two lines ) of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables.

According to the theorem, it is possible to expand the power ( x + y )< sup > n </ sup > into a sum involving terms of the form ax < sup > b </ sup > y < sup > c </ sup >, where the exponents b and c are nonnegative integers with, and the coefficient a of each term is a specific positive integer depending on n and b. When an exponent is zero, the corresponding power is usually omitted from the term.