Aristotle also distinguished " things infinite in respect of divisibility " ( such as a unit of space that can be mentally divided into ever smaller units while remaining spatially the same ) from things ( or distances ) that are infinite in extension (" with respect to their extremities ").

Aristotle distinguished between four causes, or four explanations, that each answer the question " why?

Aristotle also distinguished between actual and potential infinities.

Aristotle, who had been taught by Plato, denied that women were slaves or subject to property, arguing that " nature has distinguished between the female and the slave ", but he considered wives to be " bought ".

Averroes ( 1126 – 1198 ), who spent much of his life in Cordoba and Seville, was especially distinguished as a commentator of Aristotle.

In 1961 Peter Szondi, one of the most distinguished of recent German literary critics, tried to prop up the universal significance of the dialectical manner with an allusion to Aristotle.

At Christ Church, as a member of the Aristotle Class, he was a fellow student of many distinguished men, the Marquess of Dalhousie, the Earl of Elgin, William Ewart Gladstone and Francis Hastings Doyle.

Although animal behavior had been studied since the time of Aristotle ( 384-342 BC ), it was not until the early twentieth century that ethology finally became distinguished from natural science ( a strictly descriptive field ) and ecology.

Aristotle distinguished the basileus, constrained by law, from the unlimited tyrant.

These four concepts have a very long history in human thought, from Aristotle to David Ricardo, becoming ever more clearly distinguished as the development of commercial trade progressed.

The distinction between the two goes at least as far back as the ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between theory ( theoria, or a wide, bird's eye view of a topic, or clear vision of its structure ) and practice ( praxis ), as well as productive knowledge ( techne ).

A number of distinguished men too are named, whom he is said to have drawn away from Theophrastus, Aristotle of Cyrene, and others, and attached to himself ; among others Crates the Cynic, and Zeno, the founder of the Stoic school.

Aristotle spoke of wholes that were greater than the sum of their parts because of emergent properties The second-century anatomist and physiologist Galen also distinguished between the resultant and emergent qualities of wholes.

He seems to have aimed at harmonizing the views of Plato and Aristotle on the ideas, as he distinguished them from the eidos, forms of things, which he allowed were inseparable: a view which seems necessarily connected with the doctrine of the eternity and self-existence of matter.

In his philosophy, Aristotle distinguished two meanings of the word dunamis.

He was the most distinguished disciple of Aristotle, after Theophrastus.

* Nader El-Bizri, " Avicenna's De Anima between Aristotle and Husserl ," in The Passions of the Soul in the Metamorphosis of Becoming, ed.

It is noteworthy that Socrates ( Plato, Phaedo, 98 B ) accuses Anaxagoras of failing to differentiate between nous and psyche, while Aristotle ( Metaphysics, Book I ) objects that his nous is merely a deus ex machina to which he refuses to attribute design and knowledge.

In Aristotle this is categorized as the difference between ' arithmetic ' and ' geometric ' ( i. e. proportional ) equality.

The challenge to the assumption that beauty was central to art and aesthetics, thought to be original, is actually continuous with older aesthetic theory ; Aristotle was the first in the Western tradition to classify " beauty " into types as in his theory of drama, and Kant made a distinction between beauty and the sublime.

Aristotle had arrived at the real distinction between matter and form, metaphysical components whose interpenetration produces the paradox.

Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.

According to Aristotle, air is both hot and wet and occupies a place between fire and water among the elemental spheres.

According to Aristotle, water is both cold and wet and occupies a place between air and earth among the elemental spheres.

In what he called " first philosophy " or metaphysics, Aristotle did intend a theological correspondence between the prime mover and deity ( presumably Zeus ); functionally, however, he provided an explanation for the apparent motion of the " fixed stars " ( now understood as the daily rotation of the Earth ).

The idea that a definition should state the essence of a thing led to the distinction between nominal and real essence, originating with Aristotle.

It depicts pagan sages at the foot of the Tree of Jesse, with Galen between the Sibyl and Aristotle.

Originally Aristotle divided all living things between plants, which generally do not move fast enough for humans to notice, and animals.

Against the conventionalism that the distinction between nature and custom could engender, Socrates and his philosophic heirs, Plato and Aristotle, posited the existence of natural justice or natural right ( dikaion physikon, δικαιον φυσικον, Latin ius naturale ).

The critical thinking of Aristotle and his emphasis on the relationship between structure and function marked the beginning of physiology in Ancient Greece, while Claudius Galenus ( c. 126-199 A. D .), known as Galen, was the first to use experiments to probe the function of the body.

Derrida utilized, like Heidegger, references to Greek philosophical notions associated with the Skeptics and the Presocratics, such as Epoché and Aporia to articulate his notion of implicit circularity between premises and conclusions, origins and manifestations, but-in a manner analogous in certain respects to Gilles Deleuze-presented a radical re-reading of canonical philosophical figures such as Plato, Aristotle and Descartes as themselves being informed by such " destabilizing " notions.

In ancient medicine there was a dispute between the one-seed theory, expounded by Aristotle, and the two-seed theory of the 2nd century A. D. Roman physician Galen.

The contemporary neo-Aristotelian and neo-Sophistic positions on rhetoric mirror the division between the Sophists and Aristotle.

Plato and Aristotle both explored the relationship between signs and the world, and Augustine considered the nature of the sign within a conventional system.

For six years he lectured on mathematics and dialectics, apparently dividing his time between Oxford and Paris, and helped introduce the study of Aristotle.

A ducal commission, appointed to find a way of ending the interminable strife between rival academic parties, asked Eck to prepare fresh commentaries on Aristotle and Petrus Hispanus.

Furthermore, Aristotle documented anatomical and behavioral differences between fish and marine mammals.

Philosophers, mathematicians, and others ancient and modern such as Aristotle, Plato, Frege, Wittgenstein, Russell etc., have made a distinction between thought corresponding to reality, coherent abstractions, and that which cannot even be rationally thought.

Aristotle responded to these paradoxes by developing the notion of a potential countable infinity, as well as the infinitely divisible continuum.

Aristotle handled the topic of infinity in Physics and in Metaphysics.

( Also, according to Aristotle, a completed infinity cannot exist even as an idea in the mind of a human.

Aristotle sums up the views of his predecessors on infinity thus:

Aristotle especially promoted the potential infinity as a middle option between strict finitism and actual infinity.

Aristotle established a distinction between actual infinity and a potentially infinite count, for example, instead of saying that there are an infinity of primes, Euclid prefers instead to say that there are more prime numbers than contained in any given collection of prime numbers.

According to Aristotle, a future span of time must be a potential infinity, because another element can always be added to a series that is inexhaustible: " For generally the infinite has this mode of existence: one thing is always being taken after another, and each thing that is taken is always finite, but always different ".

Aristotle here says the only type of infinity that exists is the potentially infinite.