Averroes, Avicenna and Alpharabius, who wrote on Aristotle in great depth, also influenced Thomas Aquinas and other Western Christian scholastic philosophers.

Grosseteste's most famous disciple, Roger Bacon, wrote works citing a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, including those of Alhazen, Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes, Euclid, al-Kindi, Ptolemy, Tideus, and Constantine the African.

Averroes wrote a medical encyclopedia called Kulliyat (" Generalities ", i. e. general medicine ), known in its Latin translation as Colliget.

Anatoli wrote the Malmad exhibiting his broad knowledge of classic Jewish exegetes, as well as Plato, Aristotle, Averroes, and the Vulgate, as well as with a large number of Christian institutions, some of which he ventures to criticize, such as celibacy and monastic castigation, as well as certain heretics and he repeatedly appeals to his readers for a broader cultivation of the classic languages and the non-Jewish branches of learning.

As an admirer of Averroes ; he devoted a great deal of study to his works and wrote commentaries on a number of them.

Averroes ( 1126 – 98 ) was the last major logician from al-Andalus, who wrote the most elaborate commentaries on Aristotelian logic.

He often wrote two or three different commentaries on the same work, and some 38 commentaries by Averroes on the works of Aristotle have been identified.

Authors who wrote on mental disorders and / or proposed treatments during this period include Al-Balkhi, Al-Razi, Al-Farabi, Ibn-Sina, Al-Majusi Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Averroes, and Unhammad

Ibn Rushd ( Averroes ) wrote a refutation of Al-Ghazali's work entitled The Incoherence of the Incoherence ( Tahāfut al-Tahāfut ) in which he defends the doctrines of the philosophers and criticizes al-Ghazali's own arguments.

He wrote a short story in which the philosopher Averroes is the chief protagonist, Averroes's Search.

Anatoli, in fact, was the first man to translate the commentaries of Averroes into Hebrew, thus opening a new era in the history of Aristotelian philosophy.

Prior to translating Averroes ' commentaries, Anatoli had occupied himself with the translation of astronomical treatises by the same writer and others ; but at the instance of friends he turned his attention to logic and the speculative works, realizing and recommending theimportance of logic, in particular, in view of the contemporary religious controversies.

Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been preserved by the Muslims, along with the commentaries of Averroes.

In Persia, works such as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam and Epic of Kings by Ferdowsi provided evidence of political analysis, while the Middle Eastern Aristotelians such as Avicenna and later Maimonides and Averroes, continued Aristotle's tradition of analysis and empiricism, writing commentaries on Aristotle's works.

Averroes later reported how it was also Ibn Tufail that inspired him to write his famous commentaries on Aristotle:

Averroes is most famous for his commentaries of Aristotle's works, which had been mostly forgotten in the West.

Part of his writings consist of commentaries on the portions of Aristotle then known, or rather of commentaries on the commentaries of Averroes.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) is most famous for his commentaries on Aristotle's works and for writing The Incoherence of the Incoherence in which he defended the falasifa against al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers.

The works of Hellenistic-influenced Islamic philosophers were crucial in the reception of Aristotelian logic in medieval Europe, along with the commentaries on the Organon by Averroes.

Averroes commented in detail on most of the works of Aristotle and his commentaries did much to guide the interpretation of Aristotle in later Jewish and Christian scholastic thought.

Michael Scot ( c. 1175 – 1232 ) translated Averroes ' commentaries on the scientific works of Aristotle.

There are two different Arabic interpretations of Aristotle ’ s Poetics in commentaries by Abu Nasr al-Farabi and Averroes ( i. e., Abu al-Walid Ibn Rushd ).

By the 12th century, Aristotle's works began being translated into Latin during the Latin translations of the 12th century, and gradually arose Scholastic philosophy under such names as Thomas Aquinas, which took its tone and complexion from the writings of Aristotle, the commentaries of Averroes, and The Book of Healing of Avicenna.

This opened up to him the Arabic versions of Aristotle and the multitudinous commentaries of the Arabs upon them, and also brought him into contact with the original works of Avicenna and Averroes.

There exist translations by Scot himself of the Historia animalium, of De anima and of De coelo, along with the commentaries of Averroes upon them.

* " The Commentator " for Averroes ( so named for his commentaries on " The Philosopher " Aristotle's works )

Averroes was certainly a relevant influence on Baconthorpe, and he would sometimes reference Averroes ’ commentaries in making his own arguments ; however, he commonly referenced other theologians, including many of his contemporaries, thus it should not be assumed that Averroes was the primary influence on Baconthorpe ’ s thinking.

The study of Aristotle brought him to study and comment on the teachings of Muslim academics, notably Avicenna and Averroes, and this would bring him in the heart of academic debate.

During his tenure he publicly defended the Dominicans against attacks by the secular and regular faculty of the University of Paris, commented on St John, and answered what he perceived as errors of the Arabian philosopher Averroes.

His principal translation embraced the first five books of Averroes ' " intermediate " commentary on Aristotle's Logic, consisting of the Introduction of Porphyry and the four books of Aristotle on the Categories, Interpretation, Syllogism, and Demonstration.

Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ), in his treatise on Justice and Jihad and his commentary on Plato's Republic, writes that the human mind can know of the unlawfulness of killing and stealing and thus of the five maqasid or higher intents of the Islamic sharia or to protect religion, life, property, offspring, and reason.

Among Sephardi and Italian Jews from the fifteenth century on, some authorities sought to apply the methods of Aristotelian logic, as reformulated by Averroes.

Averroes rejected Avicenna's Neoplatonism which was partly based on the works of neo-Platonic philosophers, Plotinus and Proclus, that were mistakenly attributed to Aristotle.

Unlike the European scholars who came after him, Averroes argued that rhetoric and poetics were both part of Aristotle's work on logical thought.

" Averroes had no discernible influence on Islamic philosophic thought until modern times.

In some ways his position was parallel to that of Averroes ; in reaction to the attacks on Avicennian Aristotelism, Maimonides embraced and defended a stricter Aristotelism without Neoplatonic additions.

Among his most important works were translations of texts by Averroes.

Averroes at the time of Dante Alighieri was probably the most widely condemned thinker in the medieval Christian world ... Averroism became virtually synonymous with atheism in the late Middle Ages and early Renaissance.

This has caused much confusion over the centuries, causing a rivalry between different schools of interpretation, most notably, between the Arabian commentator Averroes and St Thomas Aquinas.

The Arabs lost sight of Aristotle's political science but continued to study Plato's Republic which became the basic text of Judeo-Islamic political philosophy as in the works of Alfarabi and Averroes ; this did not happen in the Christian world, where Aristotle's Politics was translated in the 13th century and became the basic text as in the works of Saint Thomas Aquinas.

Averroes also studied the works and philosophy of Ibn Bajjah (" Avempace " to the West ), another famous Islamic philosopher who greatly influenced his own Averroist thought.

Jacob Anatoli translated several of the works of Averroes from Arabic into Hebrew in the 13th century.

* Averroes, Islamic Philosophy Online ( links to works by and about Averroes in several languages )

* SIEPM Virtual Library, including scanned copies ( PDF ) of the Editio Juntina of Averroes ' works in Latin ( Venice 1550-1562 )

* Averroes Database, including full bibliography of his works

The opposite idea of " Existence precedes essence " was thus developed in the works of Averroes and Mulla Sadra as a reaction to this idea and is a key foundational concept of existentialism.

Gersonides and his father were avid students of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias, Aristotle, Empedocles, Galen, Hippocrates, Homer, Plato, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Themistius, Theophrastus, Ali ibn Abbas al-Magusi, Ali ibn Ridwan, Averroes, Avicenna, Qusta ibn Luqa, Al-Farabi, Al-Fergani, Chonain, Isaac Israeli, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Zuhr, Isaac Alfasi, and Maimonides.

The concept of " existence precedes essence ", a key foundational concept of existentialism, can also be found in the works of Averroes, as a reaction to Avicenna's concept of " essence precedes existence ".

The opposite idea of " existence precedes essence " was thus developed in the works of Averroes and Mulla Sadra's transcendent theosophy.