By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in various cities, at multiple levels including: oblast, guberniya (" Gubcheks "), raion, uyezd, and volost Chekas, with Raion and Volost Extraordinary Commissioners.

By March 1918, when the organization came to Moscow, it contained the following sections: against counterrevolution, speculation, non-residents, and information gathering.

By the spring of 1918, the commission had several teams.

By the end of January 1918, the Investigatory Commission of Petrograd Soviet ( probably same as of Revtribunal ) petitioned Sovnarkom to delineate the role of detection and judicial-investigatory organs.

By December 1918, he left his father's home to attempt to find a job in San Francisco, California.

By 1918 the use of the iris to begin and end sequences was starting to decrease in the United States, though in Europe it was just starting to become fashionable.

By 1918 the edges of ordinary circular irises were becoming very fuzzy when they were used in American films.

By 1918 we can find a shot of the sky being used to reflect the mood of one of the characters without specific explanation in The Gun Woman ( Frank Borzage ), but it must be emphasized that these examples are very rare, and did not either then, or within the next several years, constitute regular practice in the American cinema.

By the end of the war such films formed an appreciable but minor part of production: e. g. The Gun Woman ( F. Borzage, 1918 ) and Jubilo ( Clarence Badger, 1919 ).

By 1918, two French mathematicians, Pierre Fatou and Gaston Julia, though working independently, arrived essentially simultaneously at results describing what are now seen as fractal behaviour associated with mapping complex numbers and iterative functions and leading to further ideas about attractors and repellors ( i. e., points that attract or repel other points ), which have become very important in the study of fractals ( see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

By 1918, more than of road had been built or repaired through the corvée system, including a road linking Port-au-Prince to Cap-Haïtien.

By 1913 there were four planes, now including a British Sopwith and long term plans to create six naval air stations by 1918.

By the time the fighting ended in November 1918, the war had had a profound impact, affecting the social, political and economic systems of Europe and inflicting psychological and physical damage.

By 1909, the A's were wearing an elephant logo on their sweaters, and in 1918 it turned up on the regular uniform jersey for the first time.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By October 1918, it had spread to become a worldwide pandemic on all continents, and eventually infected about one-third of the world's population ( or ≈ 500 million persons ).

By 1918 a Clerget handbook advised that all necessary control was to be effected using the fuel and air controls, and the engine was to be stopped and started by turning the fuel on and off.

By 1918 the couple began to drift apart.

By 1918, Samoa had population of some 38, 000 Samoans and 1, 500 Europeans.

By early 1918, more than 200, 000 signatures were collected in favor of the Slovene People Party's proposal.

By 1918 it became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, and remained so until 1941, apart from a brief period of six months in 1920 when Skopje was controlled by the Yugoslav Communist Party.

By 1918 60, 000 mares per year were bred to East Prussian stallions.

By 1918, there were about five million people in the army and the fledgling Royal Air Force, newly formed from the Royal Naval Air Service ( RNAS ) and the Royal Flying Corps ( RFC ), was about the same size of the pre-war army.

By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, and in 1918 the brothers opened the Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood.

By both standards Thomas had the right to be proud.

By this time Churchill was not so cordial toward moving Poland westward as he had been at Teheran, where he and Eden had both heartily approved the idea.

By and large their programs are satisfactorily connected both to the employment situation and to the realities of the apprentice system.

By seeing such varied places, both interesting and beautiful, you will become aware of the many different civilizations Rome has lived through, and in particular, get a feel of Renaissance Rome.

By trying to be both a serious survey of a bygone era and a showcase for today's artists, the program turned out to be a not-quite-perfect example of either.

By this consideration atomic physics provides the underlying theory in plasma physics and atmospheric physics, even though both deal with very large numbers of atoms.

By contrast, the Rijndael specification per se is specified with block and key sizes that may be any multiple of 32 bits, both with a minimum of 128 and a maximum of 256 bits.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By Endeïs Aeacus had two sons, Telamon and Peleus ( father of Achilles ), and by Psamathe a son, Phocus, whom he preferred to the two others, both of whom contrived to kill Phocus during a contest, and then fled from their native island.

By 1871 both ʿAlī Pasha and Fuʿād Pasha were dead.

By the mid-1960s, both systems showed enough promise to start development of base selection for a limited ABM system dubbed Sentinel.

By October he had taken a prospective hijacker Mushabib al-Hamlan from Afghanistan to Saudi Arabia where they both procured B-1 / B-2 tourist / business visas on October 28 – but Hamlan then decided not to proceed and is thought to have returned to his family.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By both chance and providence, Ruth, a destitute, widowed and childless outsider, becomes an ancestress of King David ( Ruth 4: 13 ).

By managing the European and African populations as one-by strategic exports from Europe combined with in-situ transfers, gene-loss is reduced to 0. 72 % every 100 years with both populations remaining stable.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By 1910 both factions together had fewer than 100, 000 members.

By late February 1896, supplies on both sides were running low.

By 1938 the couple had drifted apart, as both focussed heavily on their work.

* By whether the same key is used for both encryption and decryption ( symmetric key algorithms ), or if a different key is used for each ( asymmetric key algorithms ).

By adopting a moderately liberal constitution in 1828, Pinto alienated both the federalists and the liberal factions.

By the early twentieth century, both parties were winning increasing numbers of seats in Congress.

By choosing widely separated keys, one could employ one dimple as a ' shift ' key to allow both letters and numbers to be produced.

By estimating both the clay and temper compositions, and locating a region where both are known to occur an assignment of the material source can be made.