By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By picturing Roman authority negatively proponents of this view believe that it is emphasizing the fact that Christian ’ s should obey and submit to Christ ’ s authority ( Acts 4: 19-20 ; 5: 29 ).

By the early 5th century Britain had been Roman for over three hundred and fifty years.

By the 5th century AD, Rome was in decline and the Roman predecessor town of Alicante, known as Lucentum ( Latin ), was more or less under the control of the Visigothic warlord Theudimer.

By the mid-nineteenth century there were Wesleyan, Primitive Methodist, United Free Methodist, Congregationalist, Baptist, Swedenborgian, Unitarian, Roman Catholic and Catholic Apostolic churches in the town.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

By the first century BC brass was available in sufficient supply to use as coinage in Phrygia and Bithynia, and after the Augustan currency reform of 23 BC it was also used to make Roman dupondii and sestertii.

By the time of the rediscovery of the Roman law in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, the common law had already developed far enough to prevent a Roman law reception as it occurred on the continent.

" By the time of Justinian ( reigned 527-565 ), Roman Law recognized a range of corporate entities under the names universitas, corpus or collegium.

By 6, Domitian's mother and sister had long died, while his father and brother were continuously active in the Roman military, commanding armies in Germania and Judaea.

By the Roman period, however, the sacrifices were performed in the mid-afternoon.

By the first century BC Germanic languages had become prevalent, and the inhabitants were called Belgæ while the area was the coastal district of Gallia Belgica, the most northeastern province of the Roman Empire at its height.

By the devotio of a voluntary oath, a slave might achieve the quality of a Roman ( Romanitas ), become the embodiment of true virtus ( manliness, or manly virtue ), and paradoxically, be granted missio while remaining a slave.

By AD 100, the time of Tacitus's Germania, Germanic tribes settled along the Roman frontier at the Rhine and the Danube ( the Limes Germanicus ), occupying most of the area of modern Germany ; however, Austria, southern Bavaria, and the western Rhineland were Roman provinces.

By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out, and would be resurrected in the 17th century by the atomist Pierre Gassendi, who adapted it to the Christian doctrine.

By 407 there were no new Roman coins going into circulation, and by 430 it is likely that coinage as a medium of exchange had been abandoned.

By the 3rd century, Pagans Hill Roman Temple in Somerset was able to exist peaceably and it did so into the 5th century.

* Roman London-" In their own words " By Kevin Flude

By contrast it was continually read and taught in the Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire where the majority of the classics also survived.

By 1212 John had successfully concluded alliances with Renault of Dammartin, who controlled Boulogne, and Count Ferdinand of Flanders, as well as Otto IV, a contender for the crown of Holy Roman Emperor in Germany ; Otto was also John's nephew.

By the 5th century, when the public performance of pagan rites had been outlawed, a nominally Christian Roman populace still clung to the Lupercalia in the time of Pope Gelasius I ( 494 – 96 ).

By 69, when the Batavians, the original inhabitants of the Rhine and Maas delta, revolted, a village called Oppidum Batavorum had formed near the Roman camp.

By using custom formatting and load / save routines ( sometimes included in third-party DOSes, see below ), all of the mechanically possible 40 tracks could be used.

By the twelfth century great churches in Germany, like those elsewhere were finding it difficult to hold out against the accumulation of lay custom and lay objections to temporary inheritance.

By the early 18th century, the custom had become common in towns of the upper Rhineland, but it had not yet spread to rural areas.

By the later 3rd century, however, some Christians began to express dissatisfaction with the custom of relying on the Jewish community to determine the date of Easter.

By convention, the charge carried by electrons is deemed negative, and that by protons positive, a custom that originated with the work of Benjamin Franklin.

By custom, the Presiding Officer gives the floor leaders priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate.

By the end of the 12th century they had become holy days of obligation across Europe and involved such traditions as ringing bells for the souls in purgatory and " souling ", the custom of baking bread or soul cakes for " all crysten christened souls ".

By custom, it is the right of each state to determine who its nationals are.

By way of custom of international law, genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes are usually not subject to statute of limitations, nor to prescription.

By 2000 the custom had spread to all of Japan.

By British custom the cables to the outside world are terminated on the horizontal side, and the indoors equipment on the vertical side.

By Hammurabi's time, almost all trace of tribal custom had already disappeared from the law of the Code.

* By custom, kings in Macedonia assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By English law and custom they may only elect the person who has been nominated by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister.

By custom, kings in Macedonia asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By the 12th century, the Kerait rulers were still following a custom of bearing Christian names, which may have fueled the legend.

By custom, kings in Macedon asserted their right to the throne by burying their predecessor.

By custom it used a combination of the lesser state arms of Sweden and the arms for the town of Jönköping.

By ancient custom an Act did not come into force until it had been promulgated at an open-air sitting of Tynwald, usually held on Tynwald Hill at St John's on St John's Day ( 24 June ) but since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1753 on 5 July ( or on the following Monday if 5 July is a Saturday or Sunday ).

By political custom, the king's nominees have all been from parties who hold the most seats in the Cortes.

By political custom established by Juan Carlos I since the ratification of the 1978 Constitution, the king's nominees have all been from parties who maintain a plurality of seats in the Congress.

By custom, the President gives the State of the Union address annually.

By defining offerings as individual capabilities that when combined and focused to a specific industry, creates a custom solution rather than pigeon-holing a customer into a product.

By the blood of these creatures it is the custom to appease the gods.