By the 1930s, the five-line cinquain verse form became widely known in the poetry of the Scottish poet William Soutar.

By the end of her life Elizabeth was also reputed to speak Welsh, Cornish, Scottish and Irish in addition to English.

By the 21st century, there would be about as many people who were Scotch Canadians and Scottish Americans as the 5 million remaining in Scotland.

By the 18th century, the Kirk of Scotland no longer recognized marriages formed by mutual consent and subsequent sexual intercourse, even though the Scottish civil authorities did.

By the following year Dalglish was a full professional and a regular member of the highly-rated Celtic reserve team that became known as the Quality Street Gang, due to its having a large number of future Scottish internationals, including Danny McGrain, George Connelly, Lou Macari, and David Hay.

By 1997 Scottish and Newcastle claimed that it was the most widely distributed alcoholic product in both pubs and off licences in the country.

By 1058 Malcolm had killed Macbeth in battle and taken the Scottish throne.

By now, much of Scotland was under English occupation, with eight of the Scottish lowland counties being ceded to England by Edward Balliol.

By 2004, ITV was owned by five companies of which two, Carlton and Granada had become major players by owning between the two all the franchises in England, Wales, the Scottish borders and the Isle of Man.

By 1876 Rangers had their first international player, with Moses McNeil representing Scotland in a match against Wales, and by 1877 Rangers had reached a Scottish Cup final.

By the turn of the century Rangers had won two league titles and three Scottish Cups.

By August 1565, less than a month after the marriage, William Cecil heard that Darnley's insolence drove Lennox from the Scottish court.

By the resolution of the Scottish Parliament at Haddington, Mary Stewart was sent to France in August 1548 to be raised with her husband-to-be, the dauphin, son of Henry II of France.

( Although Cruden appears to have made an error in writing this, since his source, Holinshed, does not date Borthwick that early, and Caldwell agrees ) By 1511 Edinburgh was the principal foundry in Scotland, supplanting Stirling Castle, with Scottish and European smiths working under Borthwick, who by 1512 was appointed " master melter of the king's guns ".

By the mid-1920s, he was living in Elsfield and had become president of the Scottish Historical Society and a trustee of the National Library of Scotland, and he also maintained ties with various universities.

By convention, at least two of the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary were Scottish and at least one from Northern Ireland.

By 1700 variations of this type of embroidery had spread to northern Europe where it developed further into Danish and Dutch Hedebo, Scottish Ayrshire work and Ruskin lacework as well as Norwegian Drawn Work, as it was then called.

By the 1340s the English Crown was regularly spending money on them and the new technology began to be installed in English castles by the 1360s and 1370s, and in Scottish castles by the 1380s.

By the time of his death, the Scottish Monarchy was stronger, and the kingdom and royal finances more prosperous than might have seemed possible.

By this act were laid the foundations of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

By 1967, after a series of acquisitions, John Smith's was the largest regional brewer in the country after Scottish & Newcastle, and had a market capitalization of £ 29. 4 million, or £ 415 million in 2010 prices, with family interests still holding around 10 per cent of the company at this time.

By 1892 he was involved in the Scottish Socialist Federation, acting as its secretary from 1895.

By this time, the best lands were already occupied by earlier Scottish, Loyalist and Acadian immigrants.

By about 1890, most commerce in British Honduras was in the hands of a clique of Scottish and German merchants, most of them newcomers.

By 1303, the English again held the upper hand, and Stirling was the last remaining castle in Scottish hands.

By law this is 75% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By law this is 70% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By convention in some law reports, the appellant is named first.

By ancient common law it might be required of all persons above the age of 12, and it was repeatedly used as a test for the disaffected.

By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor.

By the law of cosines, we have:

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

By United Nations law, Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea.

By law, farmers in the United States who plant Bt corn must plant non-Bt corn nearby.

By the early 2000s ( decade ), however, the university quietly reexamined its position on accreditation as degree mills proliferated and various government bureaucracies, such as law enforcement agencies, began excluding BJU graduates on the grounds that the university did not appear on appropriate federal lists.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By contrast to statutory codification of common law, some statutes displace common law, for example to create a new cause of action that did not exist in the common law, or to legislatively overrule the common law.

By the time of the rediscovery of the Roman law in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, the common law had already developed far enough to prevent a Roman law reception as it occurred on the continent.

By law, the vice president will succeed in the event of the president's resignation, illness, or death.

By law ( 92 Stat.

By 1827, he had abandoned law and embarked on a geological career that would result in fame and the general acceptance of uniformitarianism, a working out of the idea proposed by James Hutton a few decades earlier.