By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By making comparisons across cultural traditions ( time-based ) and cultural regions ( space-based ), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

By the summer of 1866 Johnson's method of restoring states to the Union by executive fiat, without safeguards for the Union Party or the freedmen, was in deep trouble.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

By this method each bull can serve very many cows, so only a very few of the purebred dairy male calves are needed to provide bulls for breeding.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

By extension, the word for carrying or drawing a beer came to mean the serving of the beer and, in some senses, the act of drinking, or a drink of beer itself, regardless of serving method.

By comparing the length and intensity of various methods of therapies, it was proven that intensity is a better predictor of recovery than the method of therapy used.

By 1992, the standard method of locating someone's e-mail address was to find their organization's CCSO nameserver entry in Gopher, and query the nameserver.

By the 14th century however, on Mount Athos the terms Hesychasm and Hesychast refer to the practice and to the practitioner of a method of mental ascesis that involves the use of the Jesus Prayer assisted by certain psychophysical techniques.

By non-constructive Davis means that " a proof that there actually are mathematic entities satisfying certain conditions would have to provide a method to exhibit explicitly the entities in question.

By using this method students gain the big idea they're taught and later are more willing to learn and keep the specifics of the concept or theory taught.

By determining the intersection of the two hyperbolic curves identified by this method, a geographic fix can be determined.

By using this method, one can create a relatively secure password which would still be easily remembered.

By the end of the sixteenth century this had largely displaced the buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo.

By default, the method with the most specific argument classes is chosen ; then in the order in which parent classes are named in the subclass definition.

Keyboard macros have in more recent times come to life as a method of exploiting the economy of massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) s. By tirelessly performing a boring, repetitive, but low risk action, a player running a macro can earn a large amount of the game's currency or resources.

By 2001, few lower-end printer models came with support for PostScript, largely due to growing competition from much cheaper non-PostScript ink jet printers, and new software-based methods to render PostScript images on the computer, making them suitable for any printer ; PDF, a descendant of PostScript, provides one such method, and has largely replaced PostScript as de facto standard for electronic document distribution.

By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation.

By the twentieth century, the modern notion of science as a special brand of information about the world, practiced by a distinct group and pursued through a unique method, was essentially in place.

By dividing Somalia's cities into specific quarters, the private sector has found a manageable method of providing cities with electricity.

By this method of zig-zagging into the wind, known as beating, it is possible to reach any upwind destination.

By sending messages to a method activation can ask questions like " who sent this message to me ".

By a straightforward reduction to the halting problem it is possible to prove that ( for any Turing complete language ) finding all possible run-time errors in an arbitrary program ( or more generally any kind of violation of a specification on the final result of a program ) is undecidable: there is no mechanical method that can always answer truthfully whether a given program may or may not exhibit runtime errors.

By this point Apple had a wide variety of communications products under development, and many of these were announced along with AppleTalk Phase II.

By 1985, Mecca, like other Saudi cities, possessed the most modern telephone, telex, radio and TV communications.

By law, NSA's intelligence gathering is limited to foreign communications, although domestic incidents such as the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy have occurred.

By 1986, the party's position appeared to strengthen further with excellent local election results and a thorough rebranding of the party under the direction of Kinnock's director of communications Peter Mandelson.

By the end of the century, Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population, industry, arts and communications.

By late 1986 fiber optic communications technology was being employed to relieve the strain on existing telephone circuits.

By 1950 it was the main line of communications between the British and New Zealand governments.

By 1928, more than half of long distance communications had moved from transoceanic cables and longwave wireless services to shortwave and the overall volume of transoceanic shortwave communications had vastly increased.

By 1968, the FYDP covered ten military areas: strategic forces, general purpose forces, intelligence and communications, airlift and sealift, guard and reserve forces, research and development, central supply and maintenance, training and medical services, administration and related activities, and support of other nations.

By the early 1970s the French-German Symphonie communications satellite were in production, but by then Europa was cancelled in November 1971.

By the late 1960s advances in solid-state electronics allowed the weight, size, and cost of the radios to fall, giving the public access to a communications medium previously only available to specialists.

By placing his army into the rear, his opponent's supplies and communications would be cut.

By 21 October, it had amassed fifty-seven missions against the enemy, attacking bridges, factories, industrial targets, troop concentrations, airfields, marshalling yards, communications centers, and port facilities.

By a daring crossing of the Alps with his Army of the Reserve ( officially commanded by Louis Alexandre Berthier ) in mid-May 1800 almost before the passes were open, Napoleon ( who crossed on a mule ) had threatened Melas's lines of communications in northern Italy.

By January 2010, at least 38 states and the federal government required disclosure for all or some independent expenditures or electioneering communications, regardless of whether the speaker is a corporation.

By the 1991 Gulf War, Ta ' if was such a modern city in terms of communications that it was chosen as the site of The Rendon Group's television and radio network which used to feed the news to Kuwait during the occupation of Kuwait by Iraq.

By venturing into the interior of the Crimea, Menshikov would not only keep open his communications with Russia, but would also be in touch with reinforcements from Odessa or Kertch ; moreover, he would be free to operate in the field and threaten the Allied flank.

By the end of the 19th century, British -, French -, German -, and American-owned cables linked Europe and North America in a sophisticated web of telegraphic communications.

By 1 May this army was threatening the garrisons that Charles had left in a trail down Italy to guard his communications with France.

By the late 1980s, Audiotex and Interactive Voice Response ( IVR ) techniques pioneered by VMI became global standards for businesses communications. Data Communications, November 1986 – Audiotex: The Telephone as Data Access Equipment. Modern Office Technology, March 1986 – Voice Soars at TWA.

By 1928, more than half of long distance communications had moved from transoceanic cables and longwave wireless services to shortwave " skip " transmission and the overall volume of transoceanic shortwave communications had vastly increased.

By enforcing capability-protected interfaces, the kernel ensures that all communications to a process arrive via an intentionally exported interface.