By this time the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice trade sea route because of the decreasing profitability of that business.

A reaction consisting of the histone octamers and a naked DNA template can be incubated together at a salt concentration of 2 M. By steadily decreasing the salt concentration, the DNA will equilibrate to a position where it is wrapped around the histone octamers, forming nucleosomes.

By the 1850s, it was noticed that the numbers of birds seemed to be decreasing, but still the slaughter continued, accelerating to an even greater level as more railroads were developed after the American Civil War.

By design, PRiSM is a repeatable, practical and proactive methodology that ensures project success while decreasing an organization's negative environmental impact.

By decreasing poverty, capital market participation is enlarged.

By the 1990s, the number of video arcades in North America was decreasing.

By increasing or decreasing the playback speed of a digital sample, the pitch is raised or lowered, simulating instrumental notes ( e. g. C, C #, D, etc.

For example, when forced perspective is used to make an object appear farther away, the following method can be used: By constantly decreasing the scale of objects from expectancy and convention toward the farthest point from the spectator, an illusion is created that the scale of said objects is decreasing due to their distant location.

By increasing or decreasing the tension of individual spokes, or groups of spokes, around the circumference, a wheelsmith can correct for local deviations from true-e. g.

By decreasing the time it takes between the release and the catch, the percentage of time in the cycle when the boat is decelerating ( due to drag friction among other slowing forces ) is minimised ; therefore it is possible to perform a greater number of catches and pulls over a given race distance.

By decreasing the width of the sheave on the input shaft of the transmission, the belt would ride higher in the groove.

By 1873, the decreasing value of silver made it profitable to mint silver in exchange for gold at the Union's standard rate of 15. 5 ounces to 1.

By using the f-vector of a simplicial d-complex Δ as coefficients of a polynomial ( written in decreasing order of exponents ), we obtain the f-polynomial of Δ.

By the 1849s lead ore production was decreasing.

By decreasing the amount of silver in its coins, Rome could produce more coins and " stretch " its budget.

By 1970, the student enrollment neared 8, 000, but was decreasing.

By decreasing or increasing the RMS voltage and, hence, the mean power to the lamp, it is possible to vary the intensity of the light output.

* By contrast, pericardial effusion would result in a shift along the line to the left, decreasing stroke volume.

By decreasing the president's role in governance, executive power would further be concentrated in the prime minister, directly responsible to the cabinet and Sejm, as well as avoiding confusion over Poland's representation at international or EU summits.

By changing the shape of standard factory cases ( decreasing case taper and / or changing the shoulder geometry ) the wildcatter generally increases the case capacity of the factory parent cartridge case, allowing more propellant to be used to generate higher velocities.

By the 1230s under the leadership of Master Volkwin, the Order was coping with strained financial resources, decreasing manpower, and ill reputation.

By doing so, good solutions are given in the form of decreasing altitudes.

By the late 1940s bus orders were decreasing and it became clear that the company was too small to continue as an independent manufacturer and in 1948 they were sold to AEC.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By the very nature of the situation, it is the union which has been able to select the time and place to bring pressure upon management.

By controlling the pressure and temperature applied to phenol and formaldehyde, he produced a hard moldable material and patented in 1907 known as Bakelite.

By 30 July the Greek army was outnumbered by the counter-attacking Bulgarian army, which attempted to encircle the Greeks in a Cannae-type battle, by applying pressure on their flanks.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

By the 1870s, British physicist William Crookes and others were able to evacuate tubes to a lower pressure, below 10 < sup >− 6 </ sup > atm.

By 1908 public and diplomatic pressure led Leopold II to the annex the Congo as the Belgian Congo colony.

By Raoult's law, some of the target compound will vaporize ( in accordance with its partial pressure ).

By exposing an azeotrope to a vacuum or positive pressure, it's possible to bias the boiling point of one component away from the other by exploiting the differing vapour pressure curves of each ; the curves may overlap at the azeotropic point, but are unlikely to be remain identical further along the pressure axis either side of the azeotropic point.

At standard temperature, pressure and concentration conditions, the cell's emf ( measured by a multimeter ) is 0. 34 V. By definition, the electrode potential for the SHE is zero.

By varying the air pressure, a flute player can also change the pitch of a note by causing the air in the flute to resonate at a harmonic other than the fundamental frequency without opening or closing any holes.

By contrast, the continental high pressure system situated over the Eurasian continent counteracts the maritime influences, occasionally causing severe winters and high temperatures in the summer.

By increasing the concentration of oxygen in the air, the effects of lower barometric pressure are countered and the level of arterial pO < sub > 2 </ sub > is restored toward normal capacity.

By 2000, the consolidation of grocery store chains, the spread of retailers like Wal-Mart, and growth of private-label brands caused competition for shelf space, and put price pressure on the company's products.

By 25 May 1993, the international community had tried to pressure the leaders of the former Yugoslavian republics diplomatically, militarily, politically, economically, and – with Resolution 827 – through juridical means.

By Bernoulli's principle, this implies a pressure difference and therefore lift.

By using the streamwise vector i parallel to the freestream in place of k in the integral, we obtain an expression for the pressure drag D < sub > p </ sub > ( which includes induced drag in a 3D wing ).

By 1944 US and British air forces were sending huge air fleets over occupied Europe, increasing the pressure on the Luftwaffe day and night fighter forces.

“ By allowing deals with Burma ’ s state-owned oil company, the U. S. looks like it caved to industry pressure and undercut Aung San Suu Kyi and others in Burma who are promoting government accountability ,” HRW ’ s Business and Human Rights Director Arvind Ganesan said.

By comparison, the atmospheric pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is 32, 000 pascals, or about 32 % of Earth's sea level pressure.

By overblowing, that is, increasing the pressure of breath and tension of lips, odd harmonics ( notes whose frequencies are odd-number multiples of the fundamental ), near a 12th in cylindrical tubes, may also be produced.

By using pressure politics on legislators, the Anti-Saloon League achieved the goal of nationwide prohibition during World War I, emphasizing the need to destroy the political corruption of the saloons, the political power of the German-based brewing industry, and the need to reduce domestic violence in the home.