By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior.

By Late Antiquity, the tradition of Moses being the source of the law in the Pentateuch also gave rise to the tradition of Mosaic authorship, the interpretation of the entire Torah as the work of Moses.

By this time, the Late Egyptian word is reconstructed to have been pronounced whence comes Ancient Greek and then Late Latin.

By then, the dates of the Early Stone Age, or Paleolithic, and Late Stone Age, or Neolithic ( neo = new ), were fairly solid and were regarded by Goodwin as absolute.

By the Late Eocene ( 46 million years ago ), the three modern suborders had already developed: Suina ( the pig group ); Tylopoda ( the camel group ); and Ruminantia ( the goat and cattle group ).

By the Late Republic era, Bona Dea's May festival and Aventine temple could have fallen into official disuse, or official disrepute.

By 1851 the " Chaumont suite " of early-16th century Late Gothic tapestries with subjects of courntry life emblemmatic of the triumph of Eternity, closely associated with Chaumont and now at the Cleveland Museum of Art, was still hanging in the " Chambre de Catherine de Médicis "; the tapestries had been cut and pieced to fit the room.

By the Late Empire the settlement was reduced in extent, and referred to as Tricassium or Tricassae, the origin of French Troyes (" three ").

By Late Antiquity, some Gnostic and Neoplatonist thinkers had expanded this syncretic equation to include Aion, Adonis, Attis, Mithras and other gods of the mystery religions.

By 1930, he had branched out into writing with works such as A Murder Has Been Arranged and The Late Christopher Bean.

By the Maya mythological tradition, as documented in Colonial Yucatec accounts and reconstructed from Late Classic and Postclassic inscriptions, the deity Itzamna is frequently credited with bringing the knowledge of the calendar system to the ancestral Maya, along with writing in general and other foundational aspects of Maya culture.

By the Late Roman period, notarius came to denote registrars attached to the courts of provincial governors, secretaries of emperors, and the highest class of officials in the privy council and the imperial chancery.

By the Late Republic, manus marriage had become rare, and a woman remained legally a part of her birth family.

* By the Late Middle Ages most European crossbows employed a windlass as a cocking mechanism, which helped to pull heavier crossbows, but were used in England as early as 1215.

By the 1860s, Hughes had grown disenchanted with the materialism of Late Victorian England.

By then end of the Late Woodland period, about 1000, the Miller culture area was absorbed into the succeeding Mississippian culture.

By the Late Triassic, ichthyosaurs consisted of both classic Shastasauria and more advanced, " dolphin "- like Euichthyosauria ( Californosaurus, Toretocnemus ) and Parvipelvia ( Hudsonelpidia, Macgowania ).

By, canids had spread to Africa ( Early Pliocene ) and South America ( Late Pliocene ).

By the Late Middle Ages ( circa 1300 onward ), Latium, the heartland of the Roman Empire, and southern Italy, was poorer than the north.

By 1958, Liberty was close to bankruptcy when Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. convinced them that they might as well press singles of " The Chipmunk Song ( Christmas Don't Be Late )" with the leftover vinyl pucks and labels in their warehouse.

By the end of the Late Cycladic sequence ( ca.

By the Late Classic ( Monte Albán IIIB / IV, ca.

By the High and Late Medieval Era, the Irish annals were listing native musicians, such as the following:

By contrast, the National Union Party was united and energized as Lincoln made emancipation the central issue, and state Republican parties stressed the perfidy of the Copperheads.

By 1980, Cagney was contributing financially to the Republican Party, supporting his friend Ronald Reagan's bid for the presidency in the 1980 election.

By the late Republican era, slavery had become a vital economic pillar in the wealth of Rome, as well as a very significant part of Roman society.

By 1910, 31 state legislatures had passed resolutions calling for a constitutional amendment allowing direct election, and in the same year ten Republican senators who were opposed to reform were forced out of their seats, acting as a " wake-up call to the Senate ".

By 1914 the Republican Party was beginning to show signs of reunification, with the result that support weakened for Ohio's U. S. Senator Theodore Burton, who then decided not to stand for re-election.

By a misadventure, all of the Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, giving them each 73 votes.

By 1910 the split between the two wings of the Republican Party was deep, and this, in turn, caused Roosevelt and Taft to turn against one another, despite their personal friendship.

By mid-June, little over one week before the Republican Convention opened, the Gallup poll reported that Willkie had moved into second place with 17 %, and that Dewey was slipping.

By the 1960s, as the conservative wing assumed more and more power within the Republican Party, Dewey removed himself further and further from party matters.

By the end of the Republican era, a name for an aristocratic male citizen comprised three parts ( tria nomina ): praenomen ( given name ), nomen ( or nomen gentile or simply gentilicium, being the name of the gens or clan ) and cognomen ( name of a family line within the gens ).

By the 20th century, Philadelphia had become known as " corrupt and contented ", with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine.

By September 1945, control of major infrastructure installations, including railway stations and trams in Java's largest cities, had been taken over by Republican pemuda who encountered little Japanese resistance.

By the end of August, a central Republican government had been established in Jakarta.

By the following day it had conquered the city of Yogyakarta, the location of the temporary Republican capital.

By the end of December, all major Republican held cities in Java and Sumatra were in Dutch hands.

By 1932, despite his longstanding association with the Republican Party, he openly supported Democratic presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt, staging a " Motion Picture and Electrical Parade Sports Pageant " at L. A. Stadium in Roosevelt's honor.

By that measurement, King County is currently the most Republican county in the United States.

By 1857 Osawatomie had grown to a town of 800 and in 1859 hosted the first convention of the Kansas Republican Party.

By the 1870s the South was heavily Democratic in national and presidential elections, apart from pockets of Republican strength.

By the 1980s, Cleaver had become a conservative Republican.

By that time, both the Congress and the White House had switched to Republican control.

By order of seats, the Republican, Unity, and Democratic ( formerly Constitutionalist ) parties later merged into the Progressive Party under Liang Qichao.

A famous confrontation was the 1952 Senate election in Massachusetts where Irish Catholic John F. Kennedy defeated WASP Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. By the 1980s, the liberal Rockefeller Republican wing of the party was marginalized, with the dominance of the Southern and Western conservative Republicans.

By 1888 a split in the state Republican Party was reflected in an unorthodox selection of a gubernatorial candidate.