Ancient Chinese records mention two kings, Shrutavarman and Shreshthavarman who ruled at the capital Shreshthapura located in modern day southern Laos.

The findings at Anyang include the earliest written record of Chinese past so far discovered: inscriptions of divination records in ancient Chinese writing on the bones or shells of animals – the so-called " oracle bones ", dating from around 1200 BC.

The more modernist works focus on imperial systems in China and employ scientific method to analyze epochs of Chinese dynasties from geographical, genealogical, and cultural artifacts, for example, from Carbon-14 dating and geographical records to correlate climates with cycles of calm and calamity in Chinese history.

The " Gong An story " （ 公案小说, literally ：" case records of a public law court "） is the earliest known genre of Chinese detective fiction.

Yūryaku is believed to be referred to as Bu in contemporary Chinese records ( 武 ; read as Take or Takeru in Japanese ).

Its migration routes and wintering grounds are poorly known, the only recent information being from occasional records on both the eastern and western coasts of Japan and along the Chinese coast.

The first written records of a civilization in the area occupied by Kyrgyzstan appear in Chinese chronicles beginning about 2000 B. C.

First appearing in Chinese records of the Grand Historian as Gekun or Jiankun ( 鬲昆 or 隔昆 ), and later as part of the Tiele tribes, they were once under the rule of Göktürks and Uyghurs.

Some Taoist records claim Guanyin was a Chinese female who became an immortal during the Shang Dynasty.

Early records on medicine have been discovered from ancient Egyptian medicine, Babylonian medicine, Ayurvedic medicine ( in the Indian subcontinent ), classical Chinese medicine ( predecessor to the modern traditional Chinese Medicine ), and ancient Greek medicine and Roman medicine.

The designation " Mongol " briefly appeared in 8th century records of the Chinese Tang dynasty, describing a tribe of Shiwei, and resurfaced again in the late 11th century during the rule of Khitan.

Nestorian missionaries were firmly established in China during the early part of the Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 ); the Chinese source known as the Nestorian Stele records a mission under a Persian proselyte named Alopen as introducing Nestorian Christianity to China in 635.

Some ancient poetic traditions ; such as, contextually, Classical Chinese poetry in the case of the Shijing ( Classic of Poetry ), which records the development of poetic canons with ritual and aesthetic importance.

Philosophical conceptions of qi from the earliest records of Chinese philosophy ( 5th century BCE ) correspond to Western notions of humours and the ancient Hindu yogic concept of prana, meaning " life force " in Sanskrit.

By 28 BC, Chinese astronomers were regularly recording sunspot observations in official imperial records.

The earliest records of Japanese culture were written by Chinese traders who described this land as " Wa ".

The Paekche kingdom in Korea had political alliances with Yamato, and in the 5th century imported the Chinese writing system to record Japanese names and events for trade and political records.

Around the 1st century AD, according to Funan epigraphy and the records of Chinese historians ( Coedes ), a number of trading settlements of the South appear to have been organized into several Malay states, among the earliest of which are believed to be Langkasuka and Tambralinga.

The records show that Chinese Buddhists were actively involved in missionary activity in Tibet, they did not have the same level of imperial support as Indian Buddhists, with tantric lineages from Bihar and Bengal.

* 742: For the municipal census of the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital city Chang ' an and its metropolitan area of Jingzhou Fu ( including small towns in the vicinity ), the New Book of Tang records that in this year there were 362, 921 registered families with 1, 960, 188 persons.

* Chinese Ming Dynasty records indicate that the War Ministry official He Ru is the first to acquire the Portuguese breech-loading culverin, while copies of them are made by two Westernized Chinese at Beijing, Yang San ( Pedro Yang ) and Dai Ming.

Zizhi Tongjian changed a tradition dating back almost 1, 000 years to the Shiji ; standard Chinese dynastic histories ( collectively the Twenty-Four Histories ) primarily divided chapters between annals ( 紀 ) of rulers and biographies ( 傳 ) of officials.

In 1973, archeologists discovered copies of early Chinese books, known as the Mawangdui Silk Texts, in a tomb dating from 168 BC.

Another method specified by Chinese texts — the earliest dating to 1110 — specified the use of saponin ( from the beans of Gleditschia sinensis ) to extract hormones, but gypsum ( containing calcium sulfate ) was also known to have been used.

One of the earliest historical references to sugarcane is in Chinese manuscripts dating back to 8th century BC which mention the fact that the use of sugarcane originated in India.

Many pieces of carved furniture dating from the 18th century — in particular, mirror frames — depict rocks, shells, and dripping water in their composition, frequently in association with Chinese figures and pagodas.

* 841 BC: Records of the Grand Historian regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.

There was also a heavy Chinese influence, with Chinese coins dating from as early as the seventh century being found in present-day Brunei.

Radiocarbon dating places the site at c. 2100 to 1800 BC, providing physical evidence of the existence of a state contemporaneous with and possibly equivalent to the Xia Dynasty as described in Chinese historical works.

Chinese literature dating from as early as 650 BC tells the legend of Lo Shu or " scroll of the river Lo ".

Records of the Grand Historian ( compiled by historian Sima Qian by 91 BC ) regards this year as the first year of consecutive annual dating of Chinese history.

The presence of dragons within Chinese culture dates back several thousands of years with the discovery of a dragon statue dating back to the fifth millennium BC from the Yangshao culture in Henan in 1987, and jade badges of rank in coiled form have been excavated from the Hongshan culture circa 4700-2900 BC.

Native Chinese religions do not usually use cult images of deities, or even represent them, and large religious sculpture is nearly all Buddhist, dating mostly from the 4th to the 14th century, and initially using Greco-Buddhist models arriving via the Silk Road.

Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991, displaying a representative collection of the V & As approximately 16, 000 objects from China, dating from the 4th millennium BC to the present day.

However a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from Gansu province of paper with legible Chinese writings on it dating from 8 BCE, while paper had been used in China for wrapping and padding since the 2nd century BCE.

Knots appear in various forms of Chinese artwork dating from several centuries BC ( see Chinese knotting ).

There is a wealth of early Chinese literature dating from the Hundred Schools of Thought that occurred during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty ( 770-256 BCE ).

* Joseph Needham noted a Chinese text dating from 304AD, Records of the Plants and Trees of the Southern Regions, by Hsi Han, which describes mandarin oranges protected by biological pest control techniques that are still in use today.

China has a history of puppetry dating back 2000 years, originally in " pi-ying xi ", the " theatre of the lantern shadows ", or, as it is more commonly known today, Chinese shadow theatre.

This, however, is a version of Japanese history from the country's first written records dating from the 6th to the 8th centuries CE, after Japan had adopted the Chinese writing system which was introduced by the Koreans.

And, after becoming the right-hand man of Enver Pasha, he is sent by the latter to pave the way for a new Turkish Empire embracing `` the union of all Turks throughout Central Asia from Adrianople to the Chinese oases on the Silk Trade Route ''.

Bursting from the lips of a charging cavalry trooper was the last sound heard on this earth by untold numbers of Cheyennes, Sioux and Apaches, Mexican banditos under Pancho Villa, Japanese in the South Pacific, and Chinese and North Korean Communists in Korea.

however the President, who would like to woo the former Chinese province away from both Peking and Moscow, would promise Chen nothing more than an abstention by the U.S. if Outer Mongolia's admission comes to a vote.

Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

But the `` marvelous person '' that is supposed to result from Zen exhibits more Chinese practicality than Indian speculation -- he possesses magical powers, and can use them to order nature and to redeem souls.

They range in size from the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), which can grow to a length of, to the diminutive Thorius pennatulus from Mexico which seldom exceeds.

A number of fossil cryptobranchids have been found but there are only three living species, the Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), the Japanese giant salamander ( Andrias japonicus ) and the hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis ) from North America.

The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty ( 618-907 AD ) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.

The Chinese abacus migrated from China to Korea around 1400 AD.

Two binary abaci constructed by Dr. Robert C. Good, Jr., made from two Chinese abaci

In Chinese astronomy, the stream of water flowing from the Water Jar was depicted as the " Army of Yu-Lin " ( Yu-lin-kiun ).

Mahayana Buddhism was far more successful in China than its rival Hinayana, and both Indian schools and local Chinese sects arose from the 5th century.

Chinese měiguórén for example, is derived from a word for the United States, měiguó, where měi is an abbreviation for Yàměilìjiā " America " and guó is " country ".

This type of cooking typically caters to American styles and differs significantly from traditional Chinese cuisine.

In the 19th century, Chinese in San Francisco operated sophisticated and sometimes luxurious restaurants patronized mainly by Chinese, while restaurants in smaller towns served what their customers requested, ranging from pork chop sandwiches and apple pie to beans and eggs.

Restaurants ( along with Chinese laundries ) provided an ethnic niche for small businesses at a time when the Chinese people were excluded from most jobs in the wage economy by ethnic discrimination or lack of language fluency.

Even more divergent are American stir-fry dishes inspired by Chinese food, that may contain brown rice instead of white, or those with grated cheese ; milk products are almost always absent from traditional Chinese food.

Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Homeopathy and Naturopathy are cited as examples The term appears to have entered into usage through the National Institute of Health's National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ( NCCAM ), which began to employ it as a substitute for alternative medical systems as a way of differentiating widely comprehensive systems of medicine, such as Ayurvedic medicine, from specialized alternative approaches.

Chinese astronomers were able to view what is modern Antlia from their latitudes, and incorporated its stars into two different constellations.

Many cultures have attached importance to astronomical events, and the Indians, Chinese, and Mayans developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations.

Since 1998, Harvard University wraps some of the valuable statues on its campus, such as this " Harvard Bixi | Chinese stele ", with waterproof covers every winter, in order to protect them from erosion caused by acid rain.