Cyrillic numerals were a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic alphabet, used by South and East Slavic peoples.

Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language ( collectively forming the East South Slavic languages ), has several characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages: changes include the elimination of case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article ( see Balkan language area ) and the lack of a verb infinitive ; but it retains and has further developed the Proto-Slavic verb system.

Historical expansion of the usage of Slavic languages in the South and East, and Germanic languages in the West reduced the geographic distribution of Baltic languages to a fraction of the area which they had formerly covered.

Particular examples include St Mark's Basilica in Venice, the basilicas of Ravenna, and many churches throughout the Slavic East.

The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe.

Current East Slavic languages are Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian.

The East Slavic languages descend from a common predecessor, the language of the medieval Kievan Rus ' ( 9th to 13th centuries ).

The East Slavic territory shows definitely a linguistic continuum with many transitional dialects.

* Peterson, Dale, The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol.

The Nazism ideology referred to Henry as a founding father of the German nation, fighting both the Latin Western Franks and the Slavic tribes of the East, thereby a precursor of the German Drang nach Osten.

first united East Slavic state, was founded by Rurik's successor Oleg of Novgorod in 882.

Thus, the first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus ', emerged in the 9th century along the Dnieper River valley.

* Intestine or gut, in East Slavic languages, also used in English-language Yiddishisms

As the power of Lithuanian warlord dukes expanded to the south and east, the cultivated East Slavic Ruthenians moved in the opposite direction within their new statehood and exerted influence on the Lithuanian ruling class.

When the East Germanic tribes left for southern Europe, West Slavic tribes moved in and were the first group to settle it permanently.

The Livonians, who had been paying tribute to the East Slavic Principality of Polotsk, at first considered the Germans as useful allies.

The language of the coextensive East Slavic people, the Lemkos, which demonstrates significant lexical and grammatical commonality with the Góralski dialect and Ukrainian, bears no significant Vlach or other Romanian influences.

During the High Middle Ages, German immigration and assimilation of the Slavic Pomeranians ( Ostsiedlung ) introduced Low German Pomeranian dialects which were to become dominant in Pomerania except for some areas in the East, where the populace remained largely Slavic and continued the use of the Slavic Pomeranian language.

As the West lost its Slavic character, those two terms were more often used in the East.

The establishment of the first East Slavic states in the 9th century coincided with the arrival of Varangians, the traders, warriors and settlers from the Baltic Sea region.

Developments in the systematic study of ancient civilizations through the disciplines of Classics and Egyptology informed both archaeology and eventually social anthropology, as did the study of East and South Asian languages and cultures.

Afroasiatic languages are spoken predominantly in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel.

Afroasiatic languages are today primarily spoken in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel.

The name Anatolia comes from the Greek () meaning the " East " or more literally " sunrise ", comparable to the Latin terms " Levant " or " Orient " ( and words for " east " in other languages ).

This is not to be confused with what the Arabs call the " Hindi numerals ", namely the Eastern Arabic numerals (---------) used in the Middle East, or any of the numerals currently used in Indian languages ( e. g. Devanagari: ).

A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals used in the Persian and Urdu languages is shown as East Arabic-Indic.

The Baltic Sea, in ancient sources known as Mare Suebicum ( also known as Mare Germanicum ), is also known by the equivalents of " East Sea ", " West Sea ", or " Baltic Sea " in different languages:

* In Germanic languages, except English, East Sea is used: Afrikaans ( Oossee ), Danish ( Østersøen ), Dutch ( Oostzee ), German ( Ostsee ), Icelandic and Faroese ( Eystrasalt ), Norwegian ( Østersjøen ), and Swedish ( Östersjön ).

Historically the languages were spoken over a larger area: West to the mouth of the Vistula river in present-day Poland, at least as far East as the Dniepr river in present-day Belarus, perhaps even to Moscow, perhaps as far south as Kiev.

The Germanics, however, preferred some form of " East Sea " ( in different languages ) until after about 1600, when they began to use forms of " Baltic Sea.

The need to support more writing systems for different languages, including the CJK family of East Asian scripts, required support for a far larger number of characters and demanded a systematic approach to character encoding rather than the previous ad hoc approaches.

Clement Martyn Doke ( 16 May 1893 in Bristol, United Kingdom – 24 February 1980 in East London, South Africa ) was a South African linguist working mainly on African languages.

There are six clearly valid groups of languages which are usually included in the Cushitic family ( Beja, Agaw, Sidamic, Lowland East Cushitic, Dullay, and South Cushitic ), as well as a few poorly classified languages ( Yaaku, Dahalo, Aasax and Kw ' adza, Boon, and the Cushitic element of Mbugu ).

Hetzron ( 1980: 70ff ) and Ehret ( 1995 ) have suggested that the Rift languages ( South Cushitic ) are a part of Lowland East Cushitic, the only one of the six groups with much internal diversity.

Clicks are speech sounds found as consonants in many languages of southern Africa, and in three languages of East Africa.

There are three minority languages in East Africa which use clicks: Sandawe and Hadza of Tanzania, as well as Dahalo, an endangered South Cushitic language of Kenya which has clicks in only a few dozen words.

The varieties of Arabic are considerably different from each other-especially those spoken in North Africa ( Maghreb ) from those of the Middle East ( the Mashriq in the broad definition including Egypt and Sudan )-and had there been the political will in the different Arab countries to cut themselves off from each other, the case could have been made to declare these varieties as separate languages.

His most important later publication Die westlichen Sudansprachen 1927a divided these into East and West Sudanic languages and laid the basis for what would become Niger – Congo.

In contrast, the East is ably led by such stalwart heroes as Khrushchev, Tito, and Mao.

Armored Cataphracts began to be deployed in eastern Europe and the near East, following the precedents established by Persian forces, as the main striking force of the armies in contrast to the earlier roles of cavalry as scouts, raiders, and outflankers.

There is Blair leading a respectable, outwardly eventless life at his parents ' house in Southwold, writing ; then in contrast, there is Blair as Burton ( the name he used in his down-and-out episodes ) in search of experience in the kips and spikes, in the East End, on the road, and in the hop fields of Kent.

By contrast, East Germany renounced ties to the Nazi past, styling itself the " anti-fascist rampart " and proclaiming itself the first socialist state on German soil.

The regional dialect of Low German spoken in Prussia ( or East Prussia ), Low Prussian, preserved a number of Baltic Prussian words, such as kurp, from the Old Prussian kurpi, for shoe ( in contrast to the standard German Schuh ).

Palaces in East Asia, such as the imperial palaces of Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, largebrick and wooden structures in Philippines and China's Forbidden City, consist of many low pavilions surrounded by vast, walled gardens, in contrast to the single building palaces of Medieval Western Europe.

In contrast to the intense Scandinavian influence in Normandy and the British Isles, Varangian culture did not survive to a great extent in the East.

" Orientalism " refers to the Orient or East, in contrast to the Occident or West, and often, as seen by the West.

By contrast, the Dominican order, a teaching order founded by St Dominic in 1215, to propagate and defend Christian doctrine, placed more emphasis on the use of reason and made extensive use of the new Aristotelian sources derived from the East, and Moorish Spain.

By contrast, the rest of Europe combined sent only 882, 412 people from 1500 to 1795, and the fleet of the English ( later British ) East India Company, the VOC ’ s nearest competitor, was a distant second to its total traffic with 2, 690 ships and a mere one-fifth the tonnage of goods carried by the VOC.

In contrast to the dark, flat profile of the East Building, the North Building is white ( as the original building was ), with twelve concrete pylons on the roof which support the roof using 72 cables.

The 1968 invasion by Warsaw Pact troops of Czechoslovakia and the suppression of the Prague Spring were also applauded by Ulbricht – East German soldiers were among those massed on the border but did not cross over, probably due to Czech sensitivities about German troops on their soil – and earned him a reputation as a staunch Soviet ally in contrast to Romanian leader Nicolae Ceauşescu, who condemned the invasion.

A satellite photo of East Asia at night in 2000 illustrates the limited electric power generating capacity of North Korea in contrast to that of the neighboring countries.

In the East, where many were populated or resettled with Armenians, they became known as the " small " () or " Armenian " themes (), in contrast to the traditional " great " or " Roman " themes ().

Exposed to westerly winds from the Atlantic, heavy with rain, the windward side of the mountains has up to 1, 600 mm of rain annually ( West Harz, Upper Harz, High Harz ); in contrast, the leeward side only receives an average of 600 mm of precipitation per annum ( East Harz, Lower Harz, Eastern Harz foothills ).

By contrast, Leamas's death is unplanned, and was required only because he climbed back down to the East German side of the Berlin Wall.

In contrast to the simplistic rhyme pattern and scheme utilized in old school hip hop, East Coast hip hop has been noted for its emphasis on lyrical dexterity.

In contrast, Robert Cribb of the Australian National University has argued that the common estimate of 200, 000 deaths by violence in East Timor is likely to be a significant exaggeration and that the most likely figure is closer to 80, 000.

In contrast to them she retained an affiliation with the labour movement, and unlike them she concentrated her activity on local campaigning with the East London Federation of the WSPU, rather than leading the national organisation.

In contrast, composers in East Germany were advised to avoid the avant-garde and to compose music in keeping with the tenets of Socialist Realism .< ref > Kmetz, John, et al., " Germany " Grove Music Online.

By contrast, as White notes, the lines in the Midwest and East supported by a very large population base, fostered farming, industry and mining while generating steady profits and receiving few government benefits.

Shorter migrations include those of the Madagascar Pratincole, which migrates from its breeding grounds in Madagascar to East Africa ; in contrast the Black-winged Pratincole migrates from the steppes of Eastern Europe and Central Asia to West and Southern Africa.

In contrast with many other East African economic systems, cattle played only a minor role.

John McRae notes that in contrast to India and Tibet where the Vimalakīrti Sūtra left little discernable impact, the sūtra became one of the favorites in East Asian Buddhism.