However, shortly after this positive result, Kurt Gödel published On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems ( 1931 ), showing that in any sufficiently strong axiomatic system there are true statements which cannot be proved in the system.

Formally, as per the 2002 Memorandum of Understanding between the BSI and the United Kingdom Government, British Standards are defined as:

Formally speaking, a collation method typically defines a total order on a set of possible identifiers, called sort keys, which consequently produces a total preorder on the set of items of information ( items with the same identifier are not placed in any defined order ).

Formally, this sharing of dynamics is referred to as universality, and systems with precisely the same critical exponents are said to belong to the same universality class.

Formally, both the pattern and searched text are vectors of elements of Σ.

Limits and colimits in a category C are defined by means of diagrams in C. Formally, a diagram of type J in C is a functor from J to C:

Formally, Gaussian integers are the set

Formally, collective noun forms such as “ a group of people ” are represented by second-order variables, or by first-order variables standing for sets ( which are well-defined objects in mathematics and logic ).

Formally, we are given a set of hypotheses and a set of manifestations ; they are related by the domain knowledge, represented by a function that takes as an argument a set of hypotheses and gives as a result the corresponding set of manifestations.

Formally, two variables are inversely proportional ( or varying inversely, or in inverse variation, or in inverse proportion or in reciprocal proportion ) if one of the variables is directly proportional with the multiplicative inverse ( reciprocal ) of the other, or equivalently if their product is a constant.

Formally, they are partial derivatives of the option price with respect to the independent variables ( technically, one Greek, gamma, is a partial derivative of another Greek, called delta ).

Formally, the two parts are given by the following expression, where is the number being encoded:

Formally, the word is applied to persons who are publicly accepted in a recognised capacity, such as professional employment, graduation from a course of study, etc., to give critical commentaries in one or any of a number of specific fields of public or private achievement or endeavour.

Formally, they are known as Ridunians, from the Latin Riduna.

( Formally speaking, this then satisfies the premises of an axiom of well-founded induction, which asserts that these two conditions are sufficient for the proposition to hold for all x.

Formally, the outcomes Y < sub > i </ sub > are described as being Bernoulli-distributed data, where each outcome is determined by an unobserved probability p < sub > i </ sub > that is specific to the outcome at hand, but related to the explanatory variables.

Formally unnamed icefields are not listed

Formally this approximation is founded on the variational principle, valid for Hamiltonians that are bounded from below.

Formally, an analytic function ƒ ( z ) of the real or complex variables z < sub > 1 </ sub >,…, z < sub > n </ sub > is transcendental if z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >, ƒ ( z ) are algebraically independent, i. e., if ƒ is transcendental over the field C ( z < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, z < sub > n </ sub >).

These are manufactured by Amphenol ( Formally Alcatel Components and ITT Cannon Australia ).

Formally most of these approaches are similar to an artificial neural network, as inputs to a node are summed up and the result serves as input to a sigmoid function, e. g., but proteins do often control gene expression in a synergistic, i. e. non-linear, way.

Formally, the sets of free and bound names of a process in π – calculus are defined inductively as follows.

More rigorously, the divergence of a vector field F at a point p is defined as the limit of the net flow of F across the smooth boundary of a three dimensional region V divided by the volume of V as V shrinks to p. Formally,

Formally, if M is a set, the identity function f on M is defined to be that function with domain and codomain M which satisfies

Formally, a frame is defined to be a lattice L in which finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins, i. e. every ( even infinite ) subset

Formally, these reside in a complex separable Hilbert space-variously called the " state space " or the " associated Hilbert space " of the system-that is well defined up to a complex number of norm 1 ( the phase factor ).

Formally it is defined by the equation

Formally, the convex hull may be defined as the intersection of all convex sets containing X or as the set of all convex combinations of points in X.

Formally, a unique factorization domain is defined to be an integral domain R in which every non-zero and non-unit x of R can be written as a product ( including an empty product ) of irreducible elements p < sub > i </ sub > of R and a unit u:

Formally, a transductive support vector machine is defined by the following primal optimization problem:

Formally, powers with positive integer exponents may be defined by the initial condition

Formally, bending modulus is defined as the energy required to deform a membrane from its intrinsic curvature to some other curvature.

Formally, a Menger sponge can be defined as follows:

Formally, a constraint satisfaction problem is defined as a triple, where is a set of variables, is a domain of values, and is a set of constraints.

Formally, the case where only a subset of parameters is defined is still a composite hypothesis ; nonetheless, the term point hypothesis is often applied in such cases, particularly where the hypothesis test can be structured in such a way that the distribution of the test statistic ( the distribution under the null hypothesis ) does not depend on the parameters whose values have not been specified under the point null hypothesis.

Formally, the index of H in G is defined as the number of cosets of H in G. ( The number of left cosets of H in G is always equal to the number of right cosets.

Formally, the subhypergraph induced by a subset of is defined as

Formally, it is a norm defined on the space of bounded linear operators between two given normed vector spaces.

Formally, a cardinal κ is defined to be weakly compact if it is uncountable and for every function f: < sup > 2 </ sup > →

Formally, a Coxeter group can be defined as a group with the presentation

Formally, the Cantor function c: → is defined as follows:

Formally, the mutual information of two discrete random variables X and Y can be defined as:

Formally, an absolute coequalizer of a pair in a category C is a coequalizer as defined above but with the added property that given any functor F ( Q ) together with F ( q ) is the coequalizer of F ( f ) and F ( g ) in the category D. Split coequalizers are examples of absolute coequalizers.