Philosophically, dialectical materialism — that Man originates History through active consciousness — was originated by Moses Hess, and developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

As a philosopher, Dietzgen had constructed the theory of dialectical materialism independently of Marx and Friedrich Engels.

" -- Friedrich Engels, Dialectics of Nature.

Lenin was developing the work of Friedrich Engels, who said that " with each epoch-making discovery, even in the sphere of natural science, materialism has to change its form.

* Friedrich Engels

* Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy, Friedrich Engels

* Anti-Dühring, Friedrich Engels

* Dialectics of Nature, Friedrich Engels

* 1848 – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.

It was not unusual for men and women in Victorian society to have affairs ; Charles Bray, John Chapman, Friedrich Engels, and Wilkie Collins all had affairs, though more discreetly than Lewes and Evans.

However, their efforts were unable to stop the spread of revolutionary movements: the middle classes had been deeply influenced by the ideals of the French revolution, the Industrial Revolution brought important economical and social changes, the lower classes started to be influenced by socialist, communist and anarchistic ideas ( especially those summarised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The Communist Manifesto ), and the preference of the new capitalists became Liberalism.

The first explicit and systematic summary of the materialist interpretation of history published, Anti-Dühring, was written by Friedrich Engels.

In 1880, about three years before Marx died, Friedrich Engels indicated that he accepted the usage of the term " historical materialism ".

In the early years of the 20th century, historical materialism was often treated by socialist writers as interchangeable with dialectical materialism, a formulation never used by Friedrich Engels however.

Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of " an industrial revolution, a revolution which at the same time changed the whole of civil society ".

A description of housing of the mill workers in England in 1844 was given by Friedrich Engels, a co-founder of Marxism.

A vivid description of living standards of the mill workers in England in 1844 was given by Friedrich Engels.

Portrait by Friedrich Engels. Johann Kaspar Schmidt ( October 25, 1806 – June 26, 1856 ), better known as Max Stirner ( the nom de plume he adopted from a schoolyard nickname he had acquired as a child because of his high brow, in German ' Stirn '), was a German philosopher, who ranks as one of the literary fathers of nihilism, existentialism, post-modernism and anarchism, especially of individualist anarchism.

Caricature of Max Stirner taken from a sketch by Friedrich Engels.

He published various books during his lifetime, with the most notable being The Communist Manifesto ( 1848 ) and Capital ( 1867 – 1894 ); some of his works were co-written with his friend and fellow German revolutionary socialist, Friedrich Engels.

It was in Paris that, on 28 August 1844, Marx met German socialist Friedrich Engels at the Café de la Régence after becoming interested in the ideas that the latter had expressed in articles written for the Rheinische Zeitung and the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher.

Designed to put forward news from across Europe with his own Marxist interpretation of events, Marx remained one of its primary writers, accompanied by other fellow members of the Communist League who wrote for the paper, although despite their input it remained, according to Friedrich Engels, " a simple dictatorship by Marx ", who dominated the choice of content.

Several of his closest friends spoke at his funeral, including Wilhelm Liebknecht and Friedrich Engels.

Non-relatives attending the funeral included three communist associates of Marx: Friedrich Lessner, imprisoned for three years after the Cologne communist trial of 1852 ; G. Lochner, whom Engels described as " an old member of the Communist League "; and Carl Schorlemmer, a professor of chemistry in Manchester, a member of the Royal Society, and a communist activist involved in the 1848 Baden revolution.

He also wrote an opera based on the Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's gothic story Undine, with de la Motte Fouqué himself writing the libretto.

Marx wrote for the Young Hegelian journal, the Deutsche-Französische Jahrbücher, in which he criticised the censorship instructions issued by Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV.

Carl Friedrich Gauss considered the same question: " Ins Jahr 1792 oder 1793 ", according to his own recollection nearly sixty years later in a letter to Encke ( 1849 ), he wrote in his logarithm table ( he was then 15 or 16 ) the short note " Primzahlen unter ".

Förster-Nietzsche introduced Steiner into the presence of the catatonic philosopher ; Steiner, deeply moved, subsequently wrote the book Friedrich Nietzsche, Fighter for Freedom.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Arthur Schopenhauer both wrote of Taoism.

Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that the best antidotes for Platonism were to be found in Thucydides:

A major breakthrough in the methodology and popularization of volumetric analysis was due to Karl Friedrich Mohr, who redesigned the burette by placing a clamp and a tip at the bottom, and wrote the first textbook on the topic, Lehrbuch der chemisch-analytischen Titrirmethode ( Textbook of analytical-chemical titration methods ), published in 1855.

Composers such as Marin Marais, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Schenck, Antoine Forqueray, and Carl Friedrich Abel wrote virtuoso music for it.

Together with the composer Friedrich Pacius he wrote the libretto ( in the style of Romantic nationalism ) to the first Finnish opera: Kung Karls jakt.

Friedrich Schiller wrote his Ode to Joy ( the literary base of the European anthem ) for the Dresden Masonic Lodge in 1785.

Economist and philosopher Friedrich Hayek wrote about emergence in the context of law, politics, and markets.

In 1845, Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach wrote a comprehensive text on rhinoplasty, entitled Operative Chirurgie, and introduced the concept of reoperation to improve the cosmetic appearance of the reconstructed nose.

Marxist Friedrich Engels wrote: " I have learned more Balzac than from all the professional historians, economists and statisticians put together.

This attitude rose even though the philosopher Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel wrote about Forster at the beginning of 19th century:

Lord Byron wrote to his publisher that Caroline and Pergami were lovers, and Baron Friedrich Ompteda, a Hanoverian spy, bribed one of Caroline's servants so that he could search her bedroom for proof of adultery.

Inspired by radical debate in the student community, he wrote a critical essay on Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom.

A German officer, Friedrich Steinbrecher, wrote:

* Friedrich Schiller wrote the ballad Hero und Leander based on the tale.

The New York Timess theatre critic George Jean Nathan wrote that Lerner's book was based on a much older German story by Friedrich Gerstäcker, later translated by Charles Brandon Schaeffer, about the mythical village of Germelshausen that fell under a magic curse.

The war was started by Oswald's brother Michael who wrote to Friedrich on September 5, 1422: " Therefore I want to be your enemy and be in an alliance with your enemies.

Carl Friedrich Gauss wrote a famous paper on the dynamics of an asteroid in his early 20s, which certainly had a European vogue, and was appointed to a chair partly on the strength of this result.

* Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Pilate is the one powerful personality in the Gospels.

Under the pseudonyms Christof Friedrich and Mattern Friedrich, he also wrote several publications promoting the idea that UFOs were really secret weapons of the Nazis who had fled to New Swabia in Antarctica.