" On the topic of omniscience and free will, Jacobs writes that in the medieval period, three views were put forth: Maimonides, who wrote that God had foreknowledge and man is free ; Gersonides, who wrote that man is free and consequently God does not have complete knowledge, and Hasdai Crescas, who wrote in Or Adonai that God has complete foreknowledge and consequently God is not really free.

The philosopher and astronomer Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra ( c. 1140 ) established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson ( better known as Gersonides ), in 1321.

Louis Jacobs writes that modern Jewish thinkers such as Levi Olan, echoing some classical Jewish writers such as the 14th-century Talmudist Gersonides have " thought of God as limited by His own nature so that while He is infinite in some respects he is finite in others ," referencing the idea, present in classical sources, that " there is a primal formless material co-existent with God from all eternity upon which God has to work and that God only knows the future in a general sense but not how individual men will exercise their choice.

" Gersonides, bothered by the old question of how God's foreknowledge is compatible with human freedom, holds that what God knows beforehand is all the choices open to each individual.

Ne ' eman argued that after Gersonides reviewed Ptolemy's model with its epicycles he realized that it could be checked, by measuring the changes in the apparent brightnesses of Mars and looking for cyclical changes along the conjectured epicycles.

" Gersonides, bothered by the old question of how God's foreknowledge is compatible with human freedom, suggests that what God knows beforehand is all the choices open to each individual.

( Here he sides with Maimonides against Gersonides.

Major Jewish philosophers include Solomon ibn Gabirol, Saadia Gaon, Judah Halevi, Maimonides, and Gersonides.

* 1288 – Gersonides, Jewish philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer ( d. 1344 )

** Gersonides, French rabbi and mathematician ( b. 1288 )

* Gersonides, Jewish philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer ( d. 1344 )

Jewish neo-Aristotelian philosophers, who are still influential today, include Maimonides, Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, and Gersonides.

Gersonides on Providence, Covenant, and the Chosen People.

Levi ben Gershon, better known by his Latinised name as Gersonides or the abbreviation of first letters as RaLBaG ( 1288 – 1344 ), philosopher, Talmudist, mathematician, astronomer / astrologer.

: 1. the doctrine of the soul, in which Gersonides defends the theory of impersonal reason as mediating between God and man, and explains the formation of the higher reason ( or acquired intellect, as it was called ) in humanity — his view being thoroughly realist and resembling that of Avicebron ;

: 6. creation and miracles, in respect to which Gersonides deviates widely from the position of Maimonides.

Gersonides was also the author of commentaries on the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, I & II Samuel, I & II Kings, Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Ruth, Esther, Daniel, and Chronicles.

In contrast to the theology held by other Jewish thinkers, Jewish theologian Louis Jacobs argues, Gersonides held that God does not have complete foreknowledge of human acts.

Gersonides posits that people's souls are composed of two parts: a material, or human, intellect ; and an acquired, or agent, intellect.

For Gersonides, Seymour Feldman points out, " Man is immortal insofar as he attains the intellectual perfection that is open to him.

Gersonides was also the earliest known mathematician to have used the technique of mathematical induction in a systematic and self-conscious fashion and anticipated Galileo ’ s error theory.

Gersonides believed that astrology was real, and developed a naturalistic, non-supernatural explanation of how it works.

Gersonides is the only astronomer before modern times to have estimated correctly stellar distances.

Gersonides concluded that the model was no good.

Other Italian poets of the time, including Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ) and Guido Cavalcanti ( c. 1250 – 1300 ) wrote sonnets, but the most famous early sonneteer was Petrarca ( known in English as Petrarch ).

Needham asserts Shen had discovered the survey device known as Jacob's staff, which was not described elsewhere until the Provençal Jewish mathematician Levi ben Gerson ( 1288 – 1344 ) wrote of it in 1321.

He stated in the Pomerium that he wrote it while staying at the house of Raynaldus de Cintis in Cesena, who was lord of the city from 1321 to 1326, however most scholars believe that the Pomerium was written in 1318.

) near Surat ; to his fellow-Dominicans in north Persia he wrote two letters — the first from Gogo in Gujarat ( 12 October 1321 ), the second from Thane ( 24 January 1323 / 4 ) describing the progress of this new mission.

Later, he wrote long adventure novels dealing with Oriental life.

The first few chapters of the novel, dealing with the discovery of Erewhon, are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years ( 1860 – 1864 ) and explored parts of the interior of the South Island of which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement ( 1863 ).

" I have warned you that you are dealing with an enterprising young prince ," wrote Louis XIV to his commander, " he does not tie himself down to the rules of war.

Gerbert wrote a series of works dealing with matters of the quadrivium ( arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ), which he taught using the basis of the trivium ( grammar, logic, and rhetoric ).

In the 1960s, he produced a number of songs dealing with social and political issues of the day, particularly when he wrote for the U. S. version of the television show That Was The Week That Was.

London was a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers and wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics such as his dystopian novel, The Iron Heel and his non-fiction exposé, The People of the Abyss.

In the early 1990s, Greenaway wrote ten opera libretti known as the Death of a Composer series, dealing with the commonalities of the deaths of ten composers from Anton Webern to John Lennon, however, the other composers are fictitious, and one is a character from The Falls.

During this period he wrote The Treasure House of Images, edited early sections of Crowley's magical autobiography The Temple of Solomon the King and produced highly-regarded paintings dealing with A. A. teachings: these paintings have been used in recent years as the covers of the journal's revival, The Equinox, Volume IV .

Colleague Walter Gordon wrote that Turner was exceptionally loyal and respectful when dealing with senior ministers in the 1960s.

Xenophon also, as Strauss pointed out, wrote a dialogue, Hiero which showed a wise man dealing sympathetically with a tyrant, coming close to what Machiavelli would do in questioning the ideal of " the imagined prince ".

Another pitcher on the team, Pat Jordan, later became a writer for the Sporting News, and wrote an autobiography dealing with his career with the Braves, A False Spring.

He also wrote two plays :— The Devil's Charter ( 1607 ), a tragedy dealing with the life of Pope Alexander VI, which was played before the king ; and The Battle of Evesham ( or Hexham ), of which the manuscript, traced to the beginning of the 18th century, is lost.

* Suchet wrote his Mémoires dealing with the Peninsular War, which were left by the marshal in an unfinished condition, and the two volumes with an atlas appeared in 1829-1834 under the editorship of his former chief staff officer, Baron St. Cyr-Nogues.

He wrote a treatise On Health and Holiness, dealing with the ascetic life, which was published in 1905.

In 1992, Computer Gaming World wrote that this " classic mix of combat and problem-solving " was the favorite of the magazine's readers in 1988, adding, " the way in which Wastelands NPCs related to the player characters, the questions of dealing with moral dillemas, and the treatment of skills set this game apart.

During this period, in 1932, he wrote Torat HaNazir, a text dealing with the laws of the Nazarite, which he published containing an approbation from his mentor Kook.

In the 11th century, Ibn Sina ( known as Avicenna in the West ), in one of his books, wrote a chapter dealing with the maktab entitled " The Role of the Teacher in the Training and Upbringing of Children ", as a guide to teachers working at maktab schools.

Kuroshima also wrote powerful narratives dealing with the hardships, struggles, and rare triumphs of Japanese peasants.

He belonged to the circle of Becket's admirers, and wrote two works dealing with the martyrdom and the miracles of his hero.

He wrote about characters dealing with difficult issues of mixed race, " passing ", illegitimacy, racial identities and social place throughout his career.

He wrote an important book on the Formation de la Prusse contemporaine ( 2 vols., 1891 – 1898 ), dealing with the events of 1806 – 1813.

After his term ended, Limbert traveled, lectured and wrote articles dealing with YMCA history.

In his boyhood, Persius wrote a tragedy dealing with an episode in Roman history, and another work, probably on travel ( although this would have been before the travels with Thrasea Paetus ).

In creating its laws and dealing out sanctions, the school meeting generally applies A. S. Neill's maxim " Freedom not Licence " ( he wrote a book of the same name ); the principle that you can do as you please, so long as it doesn't cause harm to others.