His reign saw the appearance of the Institutes of Gaius, an elementary legal manual for beginners ( see Gaius ( jurist )).

His reign saw the incorporation of the County of Urgell, Duchy of Athens, and Duchy of Neopatria into the Crown of Aragon.

Also as Salieri aged he moved slowly away from his more liberal political stances as he saw the enlightened reform of Joseph II's reign, and the hoped for reforms of the French revolution, replaced with more radical revolutionary ideas.

With the Hanoverian accession in Britain onwards, monarchs saw their powers pass further to their ministers, and Royal neutrality in politics became cemented from around the start of the reign of Queen Victoria ( though she had her personal favorites ) and enlargements to the franchise.

Co-emperor alongside his brothers, his short reign saw the beginnings of conflict emerge between the sons of Constantine the Great, and his attempt to exert his perceived rights of primogeniture ended up causing his death in a failed invasion of Italy in 340.

Domitian firmly believed in the traditional Roman religion, and personally saw to it that ancient customs and morals were observed throughout his reign.

The reign of Alfonso XIII ( 1886 – 1931 ) saw the Spanish-American War of 1898, culminating in the loss of the Philippines plus Spain's last colonies in the Americas, Cuba and Puerto Rico ; the " Great War " in Europe ( now known as World War I, 1914 – 1918 ), although Spain maintained neutrality throughout the conflict ; the influenza pandemic nicknamed the Spanish Flu ( 1918 – 1919 ); and the Rif War in Morocco ( 1920 – 1926 ).

His reign also saw the rise to dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera, who seized control of the government by military coup in 1923 and ruled as a dictator – with the monarch's support – for seven years ( 1923 – 1930 ).

His reign saw vital developments in legislature and government — in particular the evolution of the English parliament — as well as the ravages of the Black Death.

His reign saw what has been characterised as a " Davidian Revolution ", by which native institutions and personnel were replaced by English and French ones, underpinning the development of later Medieval Scotland.

Henry I was one of the weakest kings of the Franks, and his reign saw the rise of some very powerful nobles such as William the Conqueror.

His reign also saw the launch of the First Crusade to regain the Holy Land, which heavily involved his family although he personally did not support the expedition.

His reign saw the French royal domain and influence greatly expanded.

However, Louis XIV's long reign saw France involved in many wars that drained its treasury.

His reign saw an expansion of the empire, including the invasion of Britain in 43 AD.

The first year of Jahangir's reign saw a rebellion organized by his eldest son Khusraw with the assistance of the Sikh Guru Arjun Dev and others.

An aesthete, Jahangir decided to start his reign with a grand display of " Justice ", as he saw it.

France's exile of the highly respected Sultan Mohammed V to Madagascar in 1953 and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa, whose reign was perceived as illegitimate, sparked active opposition to the French protectorate both from nationalists and those who saw the sultan as a religious leader.

Mehmed III's reign saw no major setbacks for the supposedly declining Ottoman Empire.

Many of the Romans saw the beginning of Otto the 2nd ’ s reign as a glimmer of hope that it might be possible for them to recover their ancient rights and even free themselves from foreign rule.

The reign of Peter I's daughter Elizabeth in 1741 – 62 saw Russia's participation in the Seven Years ' War ( 1756 – 63 ).

Thiele saw this as evidence that the northern kingdom was measuring the years by a non-accession system ( first partial year of reign was counted as year one ), whereas the southern kingdom was using the accession method ( it was counted as year zero ).

The reign of Alfonso II from ( 791-842 ) saw further expansion of the northwest kingdom towards the south and, for a short time, it almost reached Lisbon.

His reign saw the massive migration of native Sinhalese people to the south and west of Sri Lanka, and into the mountainous interior, in a bid to escape his power.

He was the last Byzantine Emperor to reign in Constantinople before the establishment of the Latin Empire, which controlled the city for the next 57 years, until it was recovered by the Nicaean Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

Due to the establishment of the Concert of Europe, which largely resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies, Francis became viewed as a reactionary later in his reign.

That uprising resulted in the exile or Regifugium, after a reign of twenty-five years, of Tarquin and his family, and the establishment of the Roman Republic, with Brutus and Collatinus as the first consuls.

Fitting to the end of the decades-long reign and reputation of Rickover, his career concluded in both a battle with the defense establishment and a coming-to-terms with his own human limitations.

Rudolph's reign is most memorable for his establishment of the House of Habsburg as a powerful dynasty in the southeastern parts of the realm.

During the reign of Alfonso II, Ferrara once again developed an opulent court with an impressive musical establishment, rivaled in Italy only by the adjacent city of Venice, and the traditional musical centers such as Rome, Florence and Milan.

However following the establishment of the Christian Kingdom of Hungary their community was vanquished by the end of the 13th century due to the Inquisitions ordered by the Catholic Church during the reign of Coloman, King of Hungary.

The Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Trinity and St Margaret, was founded in 1128 by King David I of Scotland, but the monastic establishment was based on an earlier foundation dating back to the reign of King Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( i. e. " Malcolm III " or " Malcolm Canmore ", r. 1058-93 ) and his queen.

Although the titles and distinctions of the Italian royal family are not legally recognised by the Republic of Italy, the remaining members of the House of Savoy, like dynasties of other abolished monarchies, still use some of the various titles they acquired over the millennium of their reign prior to the republic's establishment, including Duke of Savoy, Prince of Naples, Prince of Piedmont and Duke of Aosta.

Near the end of his reign as prime minister, his government was rocked by the Vassall and Profumo scandals, which seemed to symbolise for the rebellious youth of the 1960s the moral decay of the British establishment.

The reign of Sri Moolam Thirunal Sir Rama Varma 1885 – 1924 saw the establishment of many colleges and schools.

Lieutenancies soon became more organised, probably in the reign of his successor Edward VI, their establishment being approved by the English parliament in 1550.

It went into exile during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III and collapsed with the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870.

Among Mahmud II's most notable acts during his reign was the abolition of the Janissary corps in 1826, permitting the establishment of a European-style conscript army, recruited largely from Turkish speakers of Rumelia and Asia Minor.

It is the most significant native account of Genghis's life and genealogy, covering his origins and childhood, through to the establishment of the Mongol Empire and the reign of his son, Ogedei.

With the establishment of the Yorkist regime, Hastings became one of the key figures in the realm, most importantly as Master of the Mint and Lord Chamberlain, an office he held for the duration of the reign and which made him one of the most important means of access to the king.

In 1106, Henry I's reign, the latter became an Augustinian Priory: this was founded with the patronage of the Bishops of Winchester which relationship was re-inforced by the establishment of their London palace immediately neighbouring the Priory to the west in 1149 ; a remaining wall and rose window of the refectory of the Palace survives on nearby Clink Street.

The reign of Francis II, Duke of Brittany is notable in many respects including two wars against Charles VIII of France, both of which were lost, the establishment of the Parlement of Brittany, and the death of all his children save for his daughter Anne of Brittany.

During his reign of twenty years he effectually got rid of all possible rivals or persons likely to give trouble ; he transformed his army from a mere rabble into a well-armed and efficient force ; religious fanaticism was brought under control ; a regular system of judicial and general administration was created ; and the industries of the country were greatly developed by the establishment of factories under European supervision at Kabul.

Emperor Hui was a developmentally disabled ruler, and throughout his reign, there was constant internecine fighting between regents, imperial princes ( his uncles and cousins ), and his wife Empress Jia Nanfeng for the right to control him ( and therefore the imperial administration ), causing great suffering for the people and greatly undermining the stability of the Jin regime, eventually leading to Wu Hu rebellions that led to Jin's loss of northern and central China and the establishment of the competing Sixteen Kingdoms.

During the reign of King Henry VIII the College was: " at no time since its establishment, was in higher estimation, nor in fuller employment, than in this reign.

The other significant development in the field of education during his reign was the establishment of King Faisal University.

And, after the establishment of peace to the Church, their lives were prolonged to the reign of Trajan.