* Semigallians and Curonians ( 1219 – 1290 ),

The German crusaders enlisted newly baptised Livonian warriors to participate in their campaigns against Latgallians and Selonians ( 1208 – 1209 ), Estonians ( 1208 – 1227 ) and against Semigallians, Samogitians and Curonians ( 1219 – 1290 ).

They are noted for their long resistance ( 1219 – 1290 ) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades.

In 1219 Pope Honorius III invited Saint Dominic and his companions to taken up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early 1220.

* 1219 – Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse ( modern-day Tallinn ) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.

While the Swedes made only one failed foray into western Estonia in 1220, the Danish Fleet headed by King Valdemar II of Denmark had landed at the Estonian town of Lindanisse ( present-day Tallinn ) in 1219.

In 1216 a war faction persuaded Xuānzōng to attack the Song, but in 1219 they were defeated at the same place by the Yangtze River, where Prince Hǎilíng had been defeated in 1161.

Yoritomo's second son and third shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo spent most of his life staying out of politics and writing good poetry, but was nonetheless assassinated in February 1219 by his nephew Kugyō under the giant ginkgo tree that still stands at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū.

In March 1219 he realised that he was dying, so he summoned his eldest son, also William, and his household knights, and left the Tower of London for his estate at Caversham in Berkshire, near Reading, where he called a meeting of the barons, Henry III, the papal legate Pandulf Masca, the royal justiciar ( Hubert de Burgh ), and Peter des Roches ( Bishop of Winchester and the young King's guardian ).

He died on 14 May 1219 at Caversham, and was buried in the Temple Church in London, where his tomb can still be seen.

In 1214 Theodore concluded a peace treaty with the Latin Empire at Nymphaion, and in 1219 he married a niece of Emperor Henry.

He fell ill early in 1219, and died on 14 May at his manor of Caversham near Reading.

In 1219 the Wendish castle Güstrowe was built at the place, the renaissance castle stands nowadays.

The Austrian triband is the second-oldest flag in use at least since 1230, after the Danish flag ( which has been in use since 1219 ).

Pope Innocent III ( 1198 – 1216 ) in early papal tiara, Fresco at the cloister Sacro Speco, about 1219.

Second son Yoshinari, the only one of the three to reach adulthood, was forced to become a bonze and in 1219 murdered his uncle Sanetomo on the stone stairs at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in the shogunal capital of Kamakura, an act for which he was himself slain on the same day.

Under heavy snow on the evening of February 12, 1219 ( Jōkyū 1, 26th day of the 1st month ), Sanetomo was coming down from the Senior Shrine at Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū after assisting to a ceremony celebrating his nomination to Udaijin.

The courts of Windsor Forest were held at Wokingham and the town had the right to hold a market from 1219.

In 1217 he was once more at Vienna, and again in 1219 after the return of Duke Leopold VI from the crusade.

Pope Innocent III ( 1198-1216 ) in early papal tiara, Fresco at the cloister Sacro Speco, about 1219.

He is consecrated in 1219 as the first Archbishop of the Serbian church, given autocephaly by Patriarch Manuel I of Constantinople, who was then in exile at Nicaea.

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. about Francis of Assisi's mission to the Egyptian Sultan Al-Kamil at Damietta in 1219

It is noteworthy that the Archbishop of Uppsala, Valerius ( 1207 – 1219 / 1224 ), was also in Denmark at the time, temporarily exiled from Sweden after having allied with the deposed King Sverker, yet another exile in Denmark.

The list of Swedish bishops which survives from this era is from king John Sverkerson's coronation from the year 1219 and it mentions the bishops which have been present at the coronation.

Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, well aware of the extinction of the Minamoto line in 1219, had realized that his direct descendants might die out, leaving the Tokugawa family at risk of extinction.

Unfortunately, the foundation at Deer has left no other trace of its existence, although a Cistercian monastery, founded nearby in 1219, owned some of the lands mentioned in the Gaelic texts.

It is located east of Mariposa, at an elevation of 3999 feet ( 1219 m ).

He also laid out the town of Salisbury in 1219, to allow the workers building the cathedral a less cramped town than the old garrison town at Old Sarum.

The legend states the origin of the flag to the Battle of Lyndanisse, also known as the Battle of Valdemar ( Danish: " Volmerslaget "), near Lyndanisse ( Tallinn ) in Estonia, on June 15, 1219.

He ascribes the origin to the 1208 Battle of Fellin, not the Battle of Lyndanisse in 1219, based on the earliest source available about the story.

All these theories centre on two battles in Estonia, Fellin ( 1208 ) or Lyndanisse ( 1219 ), and thus try to explain the origin in relation to the tale brought forth over 300 years after the event.

In the winter the crusaders were affected by floods and disease, and the siege dragged on throughout 1219, when Francis of Assisi arrived to attempt to negotiate a truce.

The conquest of Semigallian counties started in 1219 when crusaders from Rīga occupied Mežotne, the major port on the Lielupe waterway, and founded the Bishopric of Semigallia.

Year 1219 ( MCCXIX ) was a common year starting on Tuesday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar.

In 1219 Richard Poore, the then Bishop of Sarum, decided to establish a new town and cathedral on an estate in his possession ( confusingly known as Veteres Sarisberias — Old Salisburys ) in the valley, on the banks of the River Avon.

While Marmande fell on June 3, 1219, attempts to retake Toulouse failed, and a number of Montfort holds also fell.

It was in this capacity, in 1219, that he came into contact with five Franciscan friars who were on their way to Morocco to preach the Gospel to the Muslims there.

The wedding took place on 30 November 1219.

By 1219, the limitations of space on the hilltop site had become cause for concern, with the cathedral and castle in close proximity and their respective chiefs in regular conflict.

The Code was based on Roman-Byzantine law and the first Serbian constitution — St. Sava's Nomocanon ( 1219 ).

The Church of England church of St Denys has been the parish church for almost 800 years, having been dedicated on 9 October 1219 by the Bishop of Lincoln.

When military defeat cleared the way for Henry III to take the throne, de Quincy went on crusade, perhaps in fulfillment of an earlier vow, and in 1219 he left to join the Fifth Crusade, then besieging Damietta.

He probably joined his father on the Fifth Crusade in 1219, where the elder de Quincy fell sick and died.

In 1219 Saint Sava founded the seat of the Episcopate of Zeta on Prevlaka when he founded the Serbian Orthodox Church, which greatly helped the spread of Orthodoxy.

In one of the Danish chronicles of 1219 it is mentioned that a damaged ship of King Valdemar II the Victorious was set ashore on an " Island of Hel ".

The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219 – 1224, and was founded by Genghis's grandson, Hulagu.

When Muhammad II of Khwarezm executed the merchants dispatched by the Mongols, Genghis Khan declared war on Khwārazm-Shāh dynasty in 1219.