Its banner was again picked up by the Avar Imam Shamil, who fought against the Russians from 1834 until 1859.

Shamil with his sons in Saint Petersburg, painting by Vasily Timm, 1859

On August 25, 1859 Shamil and his family, by agreement with the Russian Czar, were guests for some days.

In 1859 Shamil wrote to one of his sons: " By the will of the Almighty, the Absolute Governor, I have fallen into the hands of unbelievers ... the Great Emperor ... has settled me here ... in a tall spacious house with carpets and all the necessities ".

In 1859, the Russians had finished defeating Imam Shamil in the eastern Caucasus, and turned their attention westward.

Once the forces of Aleksandr Baryatinsky had captured the legendary Chechen rebel leader Shamil in 1859, the army resumed the expansion into Central Asia that had begun under Nicholas I.

But he would continue to rule until 1859, when the Emperor of Russia would offer Shamil a peaceful surrender, he would even be a guest of the royal palace.

* 1859: Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Dagestan became a Russian province.

Imam Shamil, leader of the Chechen and Daghestani tribes, made his last stand against the Russians at Gunib, where he gave himself up to the Russian commander, Prince Alexander Baryatinsky, on August 25, 1859.

He also wrote the horror story The Haunted and the Haunters or The House and the Brain ( 1859 ).

The Brothers Grimm ( 1785 – 1863 & 1786 – 1859 ) not only wrote the popular Grimm's Fairy Tales, but were among the founding fathers of German philology and German studies.

Without doubt, the single most significant paper concerning the distribution of prime numbers was Riemann's 1859 memoir On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude, the only paper he ever wrote on the subject.

Gladstone wrote in 1859 to his brother who was a member of the Financial Reform Association at Liverpool: " Economy is the first and great article ( economy such as I understand it ) in my financial creed.

In On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ), Charles Darwin wrote " Although I do not know of any thoroughly well-authenticated cases of perfectly fertile hybrid animals, I have some reason to believe that the hybrids from Cervulus vaginalis and Reevesii [...] are perfectly fertile.

He had been sent an advance review copy of On the Origin of Species, and wrote in his response of 18 November 1859 ( four days before the book went on sale ) that he had " long since, from watching the crossing of domesticated animals and plants, learnt to disbelieve the dogma of the permanence of species.

Impressed with the possibilities of the area while gathering wild hay there in early 1859, Warren P. Brady and Jehu Cox wrote to Brigham Young asking for permission to create a settlement.

for Leeds ( 1859 – 1874 ), and was knighted in 1880 ; his History of the Cotton Manufacture ( 1835 ) was long a standard authority, he also wrote a biography of his father The life of Edward Baines, late M. P.

* John Austin ( legal philosopher ) ( 1790 – 1859 ), legal and political theorist who wrote The Province of Jurisprudence Determined

Michel Lentz wrote the words in 1859, and they were set to music by Jean Antoine Zinnen in 1864.

In 1859 – 1861, she wrote a monthly supplement to The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine.

In his first ( 1859 ) edition of On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin wrote of " humble-bees " ( a now-disused term for bumblebees ; see the etymology section below in this article for more information ) and their interactions with other species:

He was dramatic critic for several New York papers from 1859, and he adapted or wrote a number of plays, Under the Gaslight ( 1867 ) being his first success.

In addition to about 150 scientific papers, he wrote Travels through the Alps of Savoy and Other Parts of the Pennine Chain, with Observations on the Phenomena of Glaciers ( 1843 ); Norway and its Glaciers ( 1853 ); Occasional Papers on the Theory of Glaciers ( 1859 ); A Tour of Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa ( 1855 ).

Bishop, who would later command a company of black troops in the American Civil War, was in nearby Martinsburg when Brown was hanged at Charles Town in 1859 and, according to MacIntyre, Bishop wrote the first four verses of the song at the time.

In 1859 Henry David Thoreau wrote an address called " The Succession of Forest Trees " in which he described succession in an Oak-Pine forest.

* Delia Salter Bacon ( 1811 – 1859 )— originator of the proposition that Francis Bacon wrote the plays attributed to Shakespeare

* George Bush ( 1796 – 1859 ) was a biblical scholar who wrote the book Life of Mohammed, and a cousin of Obadiah Newcomb Bush.

In addition to his literary productions, Kerner wrote some popular medical books, dealing with animal magnetism, a treatise on the influence of sebacic acid on animal organisms, Das Fettgift oder die Fettsäure und ihre Wirkung auf den tierischen Organismus ( 1822 ); a description of Wildbad and its healing waters, Das Wildbad im Königreich Württemberg ( 1813 ); while he gave a pretty and vivid account of his youthful years in Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit ( 1859 ); and in Die Bestürmung der württembergischen Stadt Weinsberg im Jahre 1525 ( 1820 ), showed considerable skill in historical narrative.

Bottesini wrote three operas besides those previously mentioned: Il Diavolo della Notte ( Milan, 1859 ); Vinciguerra ( Paris, 1870 ); and Ero e Leandro ( Turin, 1880 ), the last named to a libretto by Arrigo Boito, which was subsequently set by Luigi Mancinelli.

He wrote, in 1859 he wrote that education played a key role in avoiding revolts like the one in 1857 :... assert its supremacy as it may at the bayonet's point, a free and civilized government must look for its stability and permanence to the enlightenment of the people and their moral and intellectual capacity to appreciate its blessings.

Abraham Lincoln, in an April 6, 1859 letter to Henry L. Pierce, wrote of political opponents of the day who slighted the foundational principles of Thomas Jefferson as " glittering generalities ".

After she had climbed to the top of Ben Macdui on 7 October 1859, Queen Victoria wrote: " It had a sublime and solemn effect, so wild, so solitary — no one but ourselves and our little party there.

Inspired by Babbage's difference engine plans, Per Georg Scheutz built several difference engines from 1855 onwards, one of which was sold to the British government in 1859.

Formed in 1859, Geelong is the second oldest club in the AFL after Melbourne and one of the oldest football clubs in the world.

It was defined in Joseph Gwilt's Architecture ( 1859 ) as " a piece of steel of a semi-cylindrical form, hollow on one side, having a cross handle at one end and a worm or screw at the other ".

* Carl Ritter ( 1779 – 1859 ), considered to be one of the founding fathers of modern geography and first chair in geography at the Humboldt University of Berlin, also noted for his use of organic analogy in his works.

When Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution in 1859, one of its major problems was the lack of an underlying mechanism for heredity.

* 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.

The couple owned two slaves until 1859, one inherited from his father's estate, the other purchased.

In the 1946 with decree Liutenant one ( Umberto II of Savoia ) the new Municipality of Apuania was melted and the province ( for error and / or historical ignorance ) resumptions the denomination does not date from 1859 when it was " Massa and Carrara " but Massa ( name with which it came designated to the city of Massa or Massa of Carrara from 1700 until Kingdom of Italy ( 1860 ), denomination that, in order to distinguish it from the other homonymous cities, the chief town continued till the institution of the unified Municipality of Apuania ) and with same the decree liutenant were placed to Massa.

His work is notable for the use of the zeta function ζ ( s ) ( for real values of the argument " s ", as are works of Leonhard Euler, as early as 1737 ) predating Riemann's celebrated memoir of 1859, and he succeeded in proving a slightly weaker form of the asymptotic law, namely, that if the limit of π ( x )/( x / ln ( x )) as x goes to infinity exists at all, then it is necessarily equal to one.

The finite-dimensional case of this inequality for real vectors was proved by Cauchy in 1821, and in 1859 Cauchy's student Bunyakovsky noted that by taking limits one can obtain an integral form of Cauchy's inequality.

Between 1857 and 1859, this place was one of the main centers where the sparks of the first war of Indian Independence originated.

In 1815, it again passed under Austrian administration until the Second War of Italian Independence ( 1859 ) and the unification of Italy one year later.

St. Cuthbert's Co-operative Society opened its first shop in Edinburgh in 1859, and expanded to become one of the largest Co-ops before amalgamating with the Dalziel Society of Motherwell in 1981 and being renamed Scotmid.

Pages from an 1859 libretto for Ernani, with the original Italian lyrics, English translation, and musical notation for one of the arias Libretti have been made available in several formats, some more nearly complete than others.

A number of locations, both upstream and downstream of today's Khabarovsk, have been proposed since Richard Maack, one of the first Russian scholars to visit the region, identified Achansk in 1859 with the ruins on Cape Kyrma, which is located on the southern ( Chinese ) shore of the Amur, upstream of Khabarovsk.

An anonymous work of 1843 was critical of Neville's account of the rebellion, and in 1859 clergyman Frederic Russell, who had unearthed new material in archives for his account of the rebellion, concluded that " though Kett is commonly considered a rebel, yet the cause he advocated is so just, that one cannot but feel he deserved a better name and a better fate ".

Victor Hugo, who had hitherto shown support for Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, decided to go into exile after the coup, and became one of the harshest critics of Napoleon III, despite the amnesty of political opponents in 1859.

Alfred Dreyfus ( ; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935 ) was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French and European history.

This region was heavily Republican — in fact, Republicans had represented this district for all but four years since 1859, and was one of the few regions in the former Confederacy where Republicans won on a regular basis.

In 1859, confident of gaining the presidential nomination and advised by his political ally and friend Thurlow Weed that he would be better off avoiding political gatherings where his words might be misinterpreted by one faction or another, Seward left the country for an eight-month tour of Europe that included a visit to Syria, where Ayub Beg Tarabulsy gave him several Arabian horses.

Rear Admiral Dahlgren, onboard the USS Pawnee ( 1859 ) | USS Pawnee, beside a 50-pounder Dahlgren rifle ( one of his bottle-shaped cast-iron cannons ), c. 1864.

In 1859, Holton had seven dwellings, one store, a blacksmith shop and a steam saw mill.

" The settlement had grown by 1859 large enough to establish one of the oldest Catholic Churches in Lafayette Parish ; St. Anne Catholic Church, and had named its oldest street, Church Street.

By 1859, Rome had one sawmill, one gristmill, and one shingle mill, although agriculture remained the principal occupation.