The principal types of graphemes are logograms, which represent words or morphemes ( for example, Chinese characters, or the ampersand & representing the English word and ; also Arabic numerals ); syllabic characters, representing syllables ( as in Japanese kana ); and alphabetic letters, corresponding roughly to phonemes ( see next section ).

Thus although the name is written in Arabic with letters corresponding to Abd al-Nasser, the pronunciation can correspond to Abd an-Nasser.

Along with the original Hebrew, the corresponding transliteration Arabic translation, and English translation are listed below.

Music progresses through five modes ( a system with origins in Arabic music ): karr, fagu ( both black ), lakhal, labyad ( both white, and corresponding to a period of one's life or an emotion ) and lebtyat ( white, a spiritual mode relating to the afterlife ).

As regards the names of the sultans, there are variants in form and spelling depending on the preferences displayed by one source or the other, either for fidelity in transliterating the Persian-influenced variant of the Arabic script which the sultans used, or for a rendering corresponding to the modern Turkish phonology and orthography.

The Nicomachean Ethics is very often abbreviated “ NE ”, or “ EN ”, and books and chapters are generally referred to by Roman and Arabic numerals, respectively, along with corresponding Bekker numbers.

" In the past the word " Mizrahim ," corresponding to the Arabic word Mashriqiyyun ( Easterners ), referred to the natives of Syria, Iraq and other Asian countries, as distinct from those of North Africa ( Maghribiyyun ).

* In Arabic music there is a maqam ( musical mode ) called Ajam, meaning " the Persian mode ", corresponding to the major scale in European music.

This was used in Belarusian Arabic script, corresponding to the above Cyrillic letter.

It was also quite usual that Hebrew names were translated into their corresponding meaning in the Arabic language, such as Adin into Latif, or Loutfi, Eleazar into Mansour, Gershom into Ghareeb, Mazliach into Maimun, Sameah into Said, and Tovia into Hassan, or Hassoun.

" Yajooj " and " Majooj " ( Gog and Magog ) appear in Arabic script on the bottom-left edge of the Eurasian landmass, enclosed within dark mountains, at a location corresponding roughly to Mongolia.

The Arabic word ‘ arif has also been borrowed into the vernacular of Amharic and other Ethiopian languages, but with a change of meaning: it is used as a slang term corresponding to English " cool " or " neat ".

Because the Arabic alphabet shares a common source with the Hebrew ( the Aramaic alphabet ), each Hebrew letter has a perfectly corresponding Arabic one, facilitating this system.

The treatise is near-universally abbreviated “ DA ,” for “ De anima ,” and books and chapters generally referred to by Roman and Arabic numerals, respectively, along with corresponding Bekker numbers.

In Arabic, two corresponding letters were created for both phonemic sounds: unmodified represents, while represents.

Similarly, in Darja ( Arabic as spoken in the Maghreb ), there are two distinct singular second-person pronouns, one masculine ( used when addressing a man ) and one feminine ( used when addressing a woman ); but when used as generic pronouns, the speaker uses the pronoun with the gender corresponding to his or her own sex, rather than that of the person he or she is addressing.

For the adversative sense of " but " or " only ", there are ama and fakat ( both Arabic ), also yalnız ( which is also an adjective corresponding to " alone ").

The corresponding series of standards for Heavy Duty Vehicles use Roman, rather than Arabic numerals ( Euro I, Euro II, etc.

English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Hebrew, Arabic, Portuguese, and Russian speakers may use the term American to refer to either inhabitants of the Americas or to U. S. nationals.

They generally have other terms specific to U. S. nationals, such as German US-Amerikaner, French étatsunien, Japanese 米国人 beikokujin, Arabic أمريكاني amriikaanii ( as opposed to the more-common أمريكي amriikii ), and Italian statunitense, but these may be less common than the term American.

The term " Almoravid " comes from the Arabic " al-Murabitun " () which is the plural form of " al-Murabit " literally meaning " One who is tying " but figuratively means " one who is ready for battle at a fortress ".

In English, the term Arabic numerals can be ambiguous.

The Latin name Aelia is the source of the Arabic term Iliyā ' ( إلياء ), an early Islamic name for Jerusalem.

The Arabic term is borrowed from the Greek χημία or χημεία.

Dr. Al-Kadi concluded that the Arabic word sifr, for the digit zero, developed into the European technical term for encryption.

The term ' Covenant-breaker ' or, in Arabic ' naqid al-mithaq ' Naqidu ' l-mithaq, was first used by ` Abdu ' l-Bahá to describe the partisans of his brother Mírzá Muhammad ` Alí, who challenged his leadership.

Arabic also uses the term,, meaning " festival of the resurrection ", but this term is less common.

The word fiqh is an Arabic term meaning " deep understanding " or

The word may derive from the word " jabber " (" to talk nonsense "), with the "- ish " suffix to signify a language ; alternatively, the term gibberish may derive from the eclectic mix of English, Spanish, Hebrew, Hindi and Arabic spoken in the British territory of Gibraltar ( from Arabic Gabal-Tariq, meaning Mountain of Tariq ), which is unintelligible to non-natives.

Sale could, however, have found the term periclyte transliterated into Arabic in one of the marginal notes to the Italian manuscript.

The term aketon, originally medieval French alcottonem might be a loan from Arabic al-qutn " cotton ( definite article-the cotton )".

The usage of the word Hindu was popularized for Arabs and further west by the Arabic term al-Hind referring to the land of the people who live across river Indus and the Persian term Hindū referring to all Indians.

The historian Ronald Hutton has suggested that it instead came from the Arabic term Dhul-Qarnayn which meant " Horned One ".

In Arabic language the word " Holy Spirit " does not translate as سكينة Sakinah used in a feminine term.

By the turn of the twentieth century it had begun to be displaced by the shorter and purely Arabic term Islam and by 1938, when Orientalist scholars completed The Encyclopaedia of Islam, seems to have virtually disappeared from the English language.

Later he would visit Mogadishu, the then pre-eminent city of the " Land of the Berbers " ( بلد البربر Balad al-Barbar, the medieval Arabic term for the Horn of Africa ).

The Persian word for love is eshgh, derived from the Arabic ishq, however is considered by most to be too stalwart a term for interpersonal love and is more commonly substituted for ' doost dashtan ' (' liking ').

They were hoping that, as he was a descendant of Muhammad, his presence would help to improve their date palm crops thanks to his barakah " blessing ", an Arabic term meaning a sense of divine presence or charisma.

Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name " Sylvanus Urban ," was the first to use the term " magazine ," on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, ultimately derived from the Arabic makhazin (" storehouses ") by way of the French language.

" The equivalent Arabic term is tanasukh: the belief is found among Shi ' a ghulat Muslim sects.

) While Rotokas has a small alphabet because it has few phonemes to represent ( just eleven ), Book Pahlavi was small because many letters had been conflated — that is, the graphic distinctions had been lost over time, and diacritics were not developed to compensate for this as they were in Arabic, another script that lost many of its distinct letter shapes.

The historical order was abandoned in Runic and Arabic, although Arabic retains the traditional " abjadi order " for numbering.

The name " abjad " is derived from the Arabic word for alphabet.

Abjads differ from abugidas, another category invented by Daniels, in that in abjads, the vowel sound is implied by phonology, and where vowel marks exist for the system, such as nikkud for Hebrew and harakāt for Arabic, their use is optional and not the dominant ( or literate ) form.

However, most modern abjads, such as Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic and Avestan, are " impure " abjads, that is, they also contain symbols for some of the vowel phonemes.

The word used in the Arabic language for allegiance is bay ' at ( Arabic: بيعة ), which means " taking hand ".

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

However Abdul is a common Arabic prefix meaning " Servant of the " and " Al " is Arabic for " the ", and if " hazra " means " he prohibited ", " he fenced in " or " Great Lord ", then the name would mean " Servant of the Prohibited ", " Servant of the Fenced in ", or " Servant of the Great Lord " which would make sense considering his role, even if it is not a proper Arabic name.

The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris.

Contemporaries frequently referred to them as the al-mulathimun (" the veiled ones ", from litham, Arabic for " veil ").

Arabic numerals is the conventional name for the entire family of related systems of Arabic and Indian numerals.

Although the phrase " Arabic numeral " is frequently capitalized, it is sometimes written in lower case: for instance, in its entry in the Oxford English dictionary.

( See G. F. Hill, The Development of Arabic Numerals in Europe for more examples.

) In central Europe, the King of Hungary Ladislaus the Posthumous, started the use of Arabic numerals, which appear for the first time in a royal document of 1456.

The Arabic numeral glyphs 0-9 are encoded in ASCII and UTF-8 at positions 0x30 to 0x39, matching up with the second hex-digit for convenience:

It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur ( Akkadian: ; Aramaic: ; Hebrew: ; Arabic: ).