The Norse discovery was documented in the 13th century Icelandic Sagas and was corroborated by recent L ' Anse aux Meadows archeological evidence.

Earlier than 900 CE progressing past the 13th century, the population complexes were a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

In marked contrast to earlier constructions and villages on top of the mesas, the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde reflected a region-wide trend towards the aggregation of growing regional populations into close, highly defensible quarters during the 13th century.

Near Kayenta, Arizona, Jonathan Haas of the Field Museum in Chicago has been studying a group of Ancient Pueblo villages that relocated from the canyons to the high mesa tops during the late 13th century.

He asserts that isolated communities relied on raiding for food and supplies, and that internal conflict and warfare became common in the 13th century.

In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote his own novel Fadil ibn Natiq, known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West, as a critical response to Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.

When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

Snorri's interpretation of the 13th century foreshadows 20th century views of Indo-European migration from the east.

* Wikisource: Prose Edda / Gylfaginning ( The Fooling Of Gylfe ) by Sturluson, Snorri, 13th century Edda, in English.

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

His family, like many Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, a Scottish patriot and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th century.

Active contact between the Wajin ( the ethnically Japanese ) and the Ainu of Ezochi ( now known as Hokkaido ) began in the 13th century.

A rare High Medieval image of Alfred, 13th century

Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century.

His territories were later to be known as the Crown of Aragon, which conquered many overseas possessions and ruled the western Mediterranean Sea with outlying territories in Naples and Sicily and as far as Athens in the 13th century.

Degrees in other fields were not granted until the 13th century, but the doctorate continued to be the only degree offered at many of the old universities up until the 20th century.

Freyja is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources ; in the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, both written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century ; in several Sagas of Icelanders ; in the short story Sörla þáttr ; in the poetry of skalds ; and into the modern age in Scandinavian folklore, as well as the name for Friday in many Germanic languages.

In the 13th century, many languages were spoken in the Christian kingdoms of Iberia.

Among the many remakes or " reimaginings " of other popular horror films and franchises are films such as Friday the 13th ( 2009 ), A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 2010 ), Children of the Corn ( 2009 )., Prom Night ( 2008 ), My Bloody Valentine ( 2009 ) and The Wolfman ( 2010 ).

The decipherment of Linear B in the 1950s by Michael Ventris ( and others ) convinced many of a linguistic continuity between 13th century BC Mycenaean writings and the poems attributed to Homer.

Chretien's story attracted many continuators, translators and interpreters in the later 12th and early 13th centuries, including Wolfram von Eschenbach, who makes the grail a great precious stone that fell from the sky.

As such many of these islands fell under Norwegian and Ui Imair hegemony between the 9th and 13th centuries and this Norse influence would see almost constant warfare on the western seaboard of Scotland until the partitioning of the Hebrides in 1156.

In the 13th and 14th centuries, a number of Europeans, many of them Christian missionaries, had sought to penetrate China.

Paintings and mosaics were popular forms of art in the kingdom, but many of these were destroyed by the Mamluks in the 13th century ; only the most durable fortresses survived the reconquest.

Edmund held many tournaments at Kenilworth in the late 13th century, including a huge event in 1279, presided over by the royal favourite Roger de Mortimer, in which a hundred knights competed for three days in the tiltyard in an event called " the Round Table ", in imitation of the popular Arthurian legends.

The principal building on the piazza is the town hall, once the Palazzo dei Priori ( built late 13th, early 14th century ) which was for many years the Palazzo Comunale.

Finding himself now in secure surroundings, Innocent summoned as many bishops as could get to Lyon to attend what became the 13th General ( Ecumenical ) Council of the Church, the first in Lyon.

Another interesting record of medieval rhetorical thought can be seen in the many animal debate poems popular in England and the continent during the Middle Ages, such as The Owl and the Nightingale ( 13th century ) and Geoffrey Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls ( 1382?

Additionally, Sleipnir is mentioned in a riddle found in the 13th century legendary saga Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks, in the 13th century legendary saga Völsunga saga as the ancestor of the horse Grani, and book I of Gesta Danorum, written in the 12th century by Saxo Grammaticus, contains an episode considered by many scholars to involve Sleipnir.

In total, over 4. 6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude.

Although the Super Bowl had grown into America's biggest one-day sporting event by this point, many believe the 13th edition began the game's evolution to unofficial national holiday.

The Carolingian-era Abbey has existed since 719 and became an independent principality during the 13th century, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe.

Although many of the differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic split of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century.

He was surrounded to the last by admiring friends ; and if it be true that, like so many Italians, he regarded Fridays as an unlucky day and thirteen as an unlucky number, it is remarkable that one Friday 13th of November he died.

" These schools were not yet the official universities that they would become in the 13th century, but by the end of the 11th century both had numerous schools for the arts and sciences.

The University of Cambridge, established at the start of the 13th century and situated in the town of the same name, is East Anglia's most well-known institution of higher learning, and is among the oldest and most famous universities in the world.

In the early 13th century, when the growth of communities of scholars ( universities ) in Paris and other major cities led to an expansion and streamlining of the book-production trade, punctuation was rationalised by assigning Alcuin's stroke-over-dot specifically to interrogatives ; by this time the stroke was more sharply curved and can easily be recognised as the modern question-mark.

The Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan ( HEEACT ), an organization which evaluates universities based on their scientific paper's performances, ranked Waterloo 283rd in the world and 13th nationally in its 2011 rankings.

It also has a strong international reputation in biomedicine, as demonstrated when the Times ranked it in the top 100 biomedicine universities in the world in this same year ( 13th in Australia ).

In 2012 the QS World University Rankings placed ETH Zurich at 13th overall in the world, and 1st in mainland Europe, while only four UK universities performed better than it in Europe.

In the 2013 U. S. News America's Best Colleges report, Wake Forest ranked 13th for " Best Undergraduate Teaching " and 27th overall among national universities.

The University of Munich has, particularly since the 19th century, been considered as one of Germany's as well as Europe's most prestigious universities ; with 34 Nobel laureates associated with the university, it ranks 13th worldwide in terms of Nobel laureates.

* Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury in the 13th century, lectured on mathematics at the universities of Oxford and Paris

In order to understand the history of German fraternities it needs to be known that the first universities in Europe were established in the 12th and 13th century in Paris ( France ), Bologna and Padua Italy, and later also in Oxford and Cambridge ( England ).

Like most universities in New York City, Parsons's campus is spread among scattered buildings, but the main building is located at 13th Street and 5th Avenue.

In western Europe, universities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries, and the European institution of Academia took shape.

Coimbra has been called A cidade dos estudantes ( The city of the students ) or Lusa-Atenas ( Lusitan-Athens ), mainly because it is the site of the oldest and one of the largest universities in Portugal – the University of Coimbra, a public university whose origins can be traced back to the 13th century.

It also included the school in its separate affordability ranking (" Great Schools, Great Prices "), listing it 13th among Southern master's degree-granting universities.

JoongAng Ilbo, one of the most-subscribed newspapers in Korea, ranked Ajou University 13th in 2010, among approximately 400 universities in South Korea.

The university won 10 prizes and the group scores were in the 13th, 16th, and 10th places respectively, which ranked the first among the universities and colleges in Fujian province.

The first medieval universities were founded between the 11th and 13th century leading to a rise in literacy and learning.

As early as the 13th century, scholars from a studium generale were encouraged to give lecture courses at other institutes across Europe and to share documents, and this led to the current academic culture seen in modern European universities.

The universities generally considered as studia generalia in the 13th century were:

Many of these universities received formal confirmation of their status as studia generalia towards the end of the 13th century by way of papal bull, along with a host of newer universities.

While these papal bulls initially did little more than confer the privileges of a specified university such as Bologna or Paris, by the end of the 13th century universities sought a papal bull conferring on them ius ubique docendi, the privilege of granting to masters licences to teach in all universities without further examination ( Haskins, 1941: 282 ).