The Norse discovery was documented in the 13th century Icelandic Sagas and was corroborated by recent L ' Anse aux Meadows archeological evidence.

Earlier than 900 CE progressing past the 13th century, the population complexes were a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.

In marked contrast to earlier constructions and villages on top of the mesas, the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde reflected a region-wide trend towards the aggregation of growing regional populations into close, highly defensible quarters during the 13th century.

Near Kayenta, Arizona, Jonathan Haas of the Field Museum in Chicago has been studying a group of Ancient Pueblo villages that relocated from the canyons to the high mesa tops during the late 13th century.

He asserts that isolated communities relied on raiding for food and supplies, and that internal conflict and warfare became common in the 13th century.

In the 13th century, Ibn al-Nafis wrote his own novel Fadil ibn Natiq, known as Theologus Autodidactus in the West, as a critical response to Hayy ibn Yaqdhan.

When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

The primary sources regarding Asgard come from the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Icelandic Snorri Sturluson, and the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from a basis of much older Skaldic poetry.

Snorri's interpretation of the 13th century foreshadows 20th century views of Indo-European migration from the east.

* Wikisource: Prose Edda / Gylfaginning ( The Fooling Of Gylfe ) by Sturluson, Snorri, 13th century Edda, in English.

The pair are attested in both the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

His family, like many Wallaces, claimed a connection to William Wallace, a Scottish patriot and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th century.

Active contact between the Wajin ( the ethnically Japanese ) and the Ainu of Ezochi ( now known as Hokkaido ) began in the 13th century.

A rare High Medieval image of Alfred, 13th century

Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century.

Eventually, much of the building materials seem to have been re-used in the construction of Bonn's 13th century city wall.

Compiled in Iceland in the 13th century, but based on much older Old Norse poetry, the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda contain numerous references to the death of Baldr as both a great tragedy to the Æsir and a harbinger of Ragnarök.

With the establishment of a German state in Prussia, and the eradication or flight of much of the Baltic Prussian population in the 13th century, the remaining Prussians began to be assimilated, and by the end of the 17th century, the Prussian language had become extinct.

The main historical source for this period is the 13th century work Færeyinga Saga ( Saga of the Faroese ), and it is disputed as to how much of this work is historical fact.

However, not all such grimoires of this era were based upon Arabic sources ; the 13th century the Sworn Book of Honorius for instance was, like the ancient Testament of Solomon before it, largely based upon the supposed teachings of the Biblical king Solomon, and also included ideas such as prayers and a ritual circle, with the mystical purpose of having visions of God, Hell and Purgatory, and gaining much wisdom and knowledge as a result.

Between the 7th and the 13th century, much of the Malay peninsula was under the Buddhist Srivijaya empire.

The last significant non-Muslim kingdom, the Hindu Majapahit kingdom, flourished from the late 13th century, and its influence stretched over much of Indonesia.

His laws tended to target wealthy and educated Christians, and his aim was not to destroy Christianity but to drive the religion out of " the governing classes of the empire — much as Buddhism was driven back into the lower classes by a revived Confucian mandarinate in 13th century China.

In part he was following in the tradition of Henry I and Henry II, but by the 13th century the volume of administrative work had greatly increased, which put much more pressure on a king who wished to rule in this style.

In the early 13th century, two German religious orders, the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, conquered much of the area that is now Estonia and Latvia, in addition to parts of Lithuania.

While there is not much evidence of communities in Luxembourg at the beginning of the Bronze Age, a number of sites dating back to the period between the 13th and the 8th century BC provide evidence of dwellings and reveal artifacts such as pottery, knives and jewelry.

In the 13th century the town suffered much from the ravages of the Albigensian war and from the Inquisition, but by 1317 it had recovered sufficiently to be chosen by John XXII as the head of a diocese of which the basilica of St Théodard became the cathedral.

Ghana declined in the 11th century but was succeeded by the Mali Empire which consolidated much of western Sudan in the 13th century.

Slasher films of the 1970s and 80s such as John Carpenter's Halloween ( 1978 ), Sean S. Cunningham's Friday the 13th ( 1980 ), and Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street ( 1984 ) " owe much to the original Night of the Living Dead ", according to author Barry Keith Grant.

Islam arrived mostly through Indian Muslims and later dominated much of the archipelago around the 13th century while Christianity came along when European colonization started around the 16th century.

According to the Nagarakertagama, around the 13th century, Majapahit's vassal states spread throughout much of today's Indonesia, making it the largest empire ever to exist in Southeast Asia.

The oldest were in the Scheldt and Meuse areas, with many towns in what's now the Netherlands being much younger and only dating from the 13th century.

* Khmer Empire, which ruled much of Indochina from the 9th to the 13th centuries

The influence of the Cistercian order grew very rapidly, owing much to Saint Bernard, and at the beginning of the 13th century the order had more than 500 houses.

Not much is known about the early history of John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, another Lancastrian commander ; the chronicles mention little about him until the Battle of Losecoat Field.

For much of their rule, the city was desolate in the Mamluk period between the 13th and 16th centuries.

Originally an Early English building ( 13th century ), it was much altered in the Perpendicular period ( 15th century ).

Owing to its geographical location the town was frequently embroiled in the border warfare and power play of the 12th and 13th centuries in the Welsh Marches.

The town returned two members of parliament from the 13th century until 1835, after which one MP was elected until the town was disenfranchised in 1868.

The oldest parts of the cathedral of Helsingør date back to the 13th century and tell us that the fishermen's village, as Helsingør was then, was a town of a certain importance.

Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural crossroads.

The Alaouites entered Morocco at the end of the 13th century when Al Hassan Addakhil, who lived then in the town of Yanbu in the Hejaz, was brought to Morocco by the inhabitants of Tafilalet to be their imām.

This building had stood on the market place since the 13th century, but it was destroyed in the Thirty Years ' War ; the new town hall was built in a Renaissance style influenced by Dutch architecture.

The principal building on the piazza is the town hall, once the Palazzo dei Priori ( built late 13th, early 14th century ) which was for many years the Palazzo Comunale.

The ancient part of the town is in a spectacular position on the top of a hill, where it preserves a particular medieval historical center, with ruins of a castle ( Castello della Fava ) and a square panoramic tower of the 13th century.

In the 13th century, the abbey and the town became an independent principality, over which the abbots ruled as territorial sovereigns ranking as Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.

Up to the 13th century the Scandinavians and Henry of Livonia in his chronicle called the town Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Danish, Lindanäs in Swedish, also mentioned as Ledenets in Old East Slavic.

Historical names of the town include Tarbatu, an Estonian fortress founded in the 5th century, Yuryev () named c. 1030 by Yaroslav I the Wise, and Dorpat as first known by the German crusaders in the 13th century.

Various spellings were in use – Kedeleministre or Kideministre ( in the 12th and 13th centuries ), Kidereministre ( 13th – 15th centuries ) – until the name of the town was settled as Kidderminster by the 16th century.

* 585 BC — Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, defeats the Sabines in war, takes the town of Collatia, and celebrates a triumph for his victories on 13th September.

* The Faradda di li candareri ( The Descent of the Candelieri ): it's a devotional procession, in which enormous wooden candles are carried by members of the city guilds from the town centre to the church of Santa Maria of Betlem, in commemoration of the end of the plague in 1582, but it probably has older origins, from a cultural tradition from Pisa that as early as in the second half of the 13th century was practiced in some parts of Sardinia.

The University of Cambridge, established at the start of the 13th century and situated in the town of the same name, is East Anglia's most well-known institution of higher learning, and is among the oldest and most famous universities in the world.

Turku, as a town, was settled during the 13th century and founded most likely at the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland.

Although archaeological findings in the area date back to the Stone Age, the town of Turku was founded in late 13th century.

* Kolomotu ' a ( Kolo meaning " town " or " settlement ", motu ' a meaning " old "), encompassing the city's original settlement at the old fort of Nukualofa, including the area of Tavatu ' utolu ( Longolongo ), Sopu ' o Vave ( now Sopu ' o Taufa ' ahau ), Tongata ' eapa, Tufuenga, Kapeta and all the western area where it was the traditional settlement of the Tu ' i Kanokupolu from Mumui the 13th Tu ' i Kanokupolu to Aleamotu ' a the 18th Tu ' i Kanokupolu.

Korhogo, an ancient town in northern Côte d ' Ivoire dating from the 13th century, is the capital of the Senufo people.

The town hall destined to clash in spirit to the Duomo, the center of religious power is built in the late 13th century.