Supporters cite the fact that his encyclical on Americanism, " Longinqua ", spoke of love for America more than condemnation of it.

* Patriarchal encyclical of 1895

" The attempt by some twentieth-century Catholic theologians to present the Eucharistic change as an alteration of significance ( transignification rather than transubstantiation ) was rejected by Pope Paul VI in his 1965 encyclical letter Mysterium fidei In his 1968 Credo of the People of God, he reiterated that any theological explanation of the doctrine must hold to the twofold claim that, after the consecration, 1 ) Christ's body and blood are really present ; and 2 ) bread and wine are really absent ; and this presence and absence is real and not merely something in the mind of the believer.

Most notably, early in 1937, Pacelli asked several German cardinals, including Cardinal Michael von Faulhaber to help him write a protest of Nazi violations of the Reichskonkordat ; this was to become Pius XI's 1937 encyclical, Mit brennender Sorge.

Pius was particularly devoted to Mary ; his encyclical Ad Diem Illum expresses his desire through Mary to renew all things in Christ, which he had defined as his motto in his first encyclical.

For most of its existence, the People's Party has explicitly defined itself as Catholic and anti-socialist ; the ideal of subsidiarity as defined by the encyclical Quadragesimo Anno is generally considered one of the historical cornerstones of its agenda.

The archbishop opened the conference with an address: deliberation followed ; committees were appointed to report on special questions ; resolutions were adopted, and an encyclical letter was addressed to the faithful of the Anglican Communion.

Acacius himself seems to have hesitated at first about adding his name to the list of the Asiatic bishops who had already signed the encyclical ; but, warned by a letter from Pope Simplicius, who had learned of his questionable attitude from the ever-vigilant monastic party, he reconsidered his position and threw himself violently into the debate.

Later that year, Spellman was charged with smuggling Non Abbiamo Bisogno, the papal encyclical condemning Benito Mussolini, out of Rome and to Paris, where he then delivered it to the press ; he was subsequently attacked by Italian newspapers.

His main weapon was a very aggressive press ; ( in 1883 Pope Leo XIII published the encyclical Cum Multa trying to moderate it ).

The government of France briefly tried to suppress the circulation of the encyclical and the Syllabus within its borders ; it forbade priests to explain the Syllabus from the pulpit, though newspapers were allowed to discuss it from a secular point of view.

For the modern Catholic Church a Papal encyclical, in the strictest sense, is a letter, usually treating some aspect of Catholic doctrine, sent by the Pope and addressed either to the Catholic bishops of a particular area or, more normally, to the bishops of the world ; however, the form of the address can vary widely, and often designates a wider audience.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term " subsidiarity " in English follows the " German usage Subsidiarität ( 1809 or earlier in legal use ; 1931 in the context of Catholic social doctrine, in § 80 of Rundschreiben über die gesellschaftliche Ordnung, the German version of Pope Pius XI's encyclical Quadragesimo Anno ( 1931 ))".

Pope Leo XIII ( 1810 – 1903 ) condemned secular biblical scholarship in his encyclical Providentissimus Deus ; but in 1943 Pope Pius XII gave license to the new scholarship in his encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu: " extual criticism ... quite rightly employed in the case of the Sacred Books ... Let the interpreter then, with all care and without neglecting any light derived from recent research, endeavor to determine the peculiar character and circumstances of the sacred writer, the age in which he lived, the sources written or oral to which he had recourse and the forms of expression he employed.

Against this background to the encyclical, Faulhaber suggested in an internal Church memorandum that the bishops should inform the Nazi regime “ that the Church, through the application of its marriage laws, has made and continues to make, an important contribution to the state ’ s policy of racial purity ; and is thus performing a valuable service for the regime ’ s population policy .”

In April 1906, Pope Pius X issued the encyclical Tribus circiter which criticized Feliksa Kozłowska ; and her followers were criticized harshly as well for treating her as a living saint and the equal to the Blessed Virgin.

As much of the driving force at the early organizing of the MST came from Catholic base communities, much of the MST ideology and actual practice are rooted on the principle, taken from the social doctrine of the Catholic Church, that private property should serve a social function-a principle developed during the 19th century, and made into Catholic official doctrine since Pope Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum encyclical ; on the eve of the 1964 military coup, that was the principle evoked by President João Goulart in his famous " Central rally " ( a mammoth rally held in Rio de Janeiro, near to the city's greatest railroad station, where the president made a speech offering a blueprint for various political and social reforms ) when proposing the expropriation of estates of more than 600 hectares in area situated at the vicinity of federal facilities ( roads, railroads and reservatoirs as well as sanitation works )- a move that triggered the strong conservative resistance leading to Goulart's downfall.

The year 1907 was a crucial one for a young Roman Catholic who longed to become a writer, especially one whose idols had been poets such as Richard Dehmel and Frank Wedekind ; for it was in 1907 that Pope Pius X issued the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis bitterly condemning modernism in the arts.

Other literary and political figures fought the encyclical vigorously ; Carossa neither complied nor complained.

The theological basis for the adoration was prepared in the 11th century by Pope Gregory VII, who was instrumental in affirming the tenet that Christ is present in the Blessed Host ; In 1965 the confession of belief that Gregory imposed on Berengarius was quoted in Pope Paul VI's historic encyclical Mysterium Fidei:

The encyclical specifically condemned certain practices of the Freemasons, such as: religious indifference ; the promotion of public education which denied the Church's role and where " the education of youth shall be exclusively in the hands of laymen "; the approval of the notion that the people are the only source of sovereignty, and that " those who rule have no authority but by the commission and concession of the people.

* The encyclical Humanae vitae, a sign of contradiction ; an essay on birth control and Catholic conscience, ( Franciscan Herald Press, 1969 )

Paul defended the encyclical, saying “ It does not surprise the Church that she becomes, like her divine Founder, a ‘ sign of contradiction ’; yet she does not, because of this, cease to proclaim with humble firmness the entire moral law, both the natural law and the law of the Gospel.

In 2010, Patriarch Bartholomew I issued an encyclical lauding the ongoing dialogue between the Orthodox Church and other Christian churches and criticizing those who are “ unacceptably fanatical ” in challenging such dialogue.

The encyclical lamented that the dialogues between the two churches were being criticized in “ an unacceptably fanatical way ” by some who claim to be defenders of Orthodoxy despite the fact that these dialogues are being conducted “ with the mutual agreement and participation of all local Orthodox Churches ”.

Rerum Novarum ( On the New Things ), for example, an encyclical written in 1891 by Pope Leo XIII made a critique on social ills and then discussed and promoted “ the Catholic doctrine on work, the right to property, the principle of collaboration instead of class struggle as the fundamental means for social change, the rights of the weak, the dignity of the poor and the obligations of the rich, the perfecting of justice through charity, on the right to form professional associations ” ( pa. 144 ).

In 1961, Pope John XXIII, writing on the topic “ Christianity and Social Progress ,” produced an encyclical entitled Mater et Magistra ( Mother and Teacher ), which taught that the “ Church is called in truth, justice and love to cooperate in building with all men and women an authentic communion.

Quadragesimo Anno ( Latin for “ In the 40th Year ”) is an encyclical written by Pope Pius XI, issued 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum.

Pope Paul VI quoted Mystici Corporis from Pius XII verbatim in his first encyclical Ecclesiam Suam: “ Consider, then, this splendid utterance of Our predecessor: ' The doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ, which is the Church, a doctrine revealed originally from the lips of the Redeemer Himself.

* 1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum Genus.

Distributism ( also known as distributionism or distributivism ) is an economic philosophy that developed in England in the early 20th century based upon the principles of Catholic social teaching, especially the teachings of Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical Rerum Novarum and Pope Pius XI in Quadragesimo Anno.

* Rerum Novarum ( 1891 ) papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII

* 1891 – Pope Leo XIII defends workers ' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum Novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.

Noting improvements in archaeology, the encyclical reversed Pope Leo XIII's encyclical, which had only advocated going back to the original texts to resolve ambiguity in the Latin Vulgate.

This affirmed the importance of Sacred Scripture as attested by Providentissimus Deus by Pope Leo XIII and the writings of the Saints, Doctors, and Popes throughout Church history but also approved historically conditioned interpretation of Scripture as presented in Pius XII's 1943 encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu.

On April 20, 1884 Pope Leo XIII published an encyclical, Humanum Genus, that said that the human race was

* May 15 – Pope Leo XIII issues the encyclical Rerum Novarum, resulting in the creation of many Christian Democrat Parties throughout Europe.

Unitatis Redintegratio calls for the reunion of Christendom and so it is not terribly different from previous calls for unity by Pope Leo XIII in the 1894 encyclical Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae.

* Pope Leo XIII, who studied under Taparelli, published in 1891 the encyclical Rerum Novarum ( On the Condition of the Working Classes ), rejecting both socialism and capitalism, while defending labor unions and private property.

Quadragesimo Anno ( 1931 ), was written to mark ' forty years ' since Pope Leo XIII's ( 1878 – 1903 ) encyclical Rerum novarum, and restated that encyclical's warnings against both socialism and unrestrained capitalism, as enemies to human freedom and dignity.

On June 15, 1520, Pope Leo X issued a rebuttal to Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, a papal encyclical titled Exsurge Domine (" Arise, O Lord "), from its opening words.

In this encyclical letter the Pope attached Later Pope Leo XIII encouraged the entire Roman Catholic episcopate to promote the devotion of the Nine First Fridays and he established June as the Month of the Sacred Heart.

Finally, by order of Leo XIII, in his encyclical Annum Sacrum ( May 25, 1899 ), as well as on June 11, he consecrated every human to the Sacred Heart.

* Christi Nomen, an 1894 encyclical of Pope Leo XIII

In the tradition of Marian visitations, the " conversion of sinners " is not necessarily religious conversion to the Roman Catholic Church, for that would be the " conversion of heretics or apostates who are ' outside the church and alien to the Christian Faith ' according to Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical on the Unity of the Church, Satis Cognitum ".

: Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical Providentissimus Deus.

It was only under Pope Leo XIII ( r: 1878-1903 ) that the Church leadership tried to move away from its anti-Republican associations, when he ordered the deeply unhappy French Church to accept the Third French Republic ( 1875 – 1940 ) ( Inter innumeras sollicitudines encyclical of 1892 ).

On May 15, 1891, Leo XIII issued an encyclical on political issues known as Rerum Novarum ( Latin: " About New Things ").

The common good is a concept central to Catholic social teaching tradition beginning with the foundational document, Rerum Novarum, a papal encyclical by Pope Leo XIII, issued in 1891 to combat the excesses of both laissez-faire capitalism on the one hand and communism on the other.

In Roman Catholicism, Socialism was strongly criticized in the 1878 papal encyclical Quod Apostolici Muneris by Pope Leo XIII.

The encyclical Rerum Novarum encyclical of Pope Leo XIII from 1891 was the starting point of a teaching on social questions that was expanded and updated all through the 20th century.