( b ) illustrates the same process using spectroscopic notation,. The Auger effect () is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom.

Wedge-shaped polycrystals were identified by transmission electron microscopy to grow out of the amorphous phase only after the latter has exceeded a certain thickness, the precise value of which depends on deposition temperature, background pressure and various other process parameters.

In this process, the superoxide anion is produced as a by-product of several steps in the electron transport chain.

Under some circumstances, the signal radiated from the electron guns, scanning circuitry, and associated wiring of a CRT can be captured remotely and used to reconstruct what is shown on the CRT using a process called Van Eck phreaking.

With sufficient compression, electrons are forced into nuclei in the process of electron capture, relieving the pressure.

) During the collapse, neutrons are formed by the capture of electrons by protons in the process of electron capture, leading to the emission of neutrinos .< sup >, pp. 1046 – 1047 .</ sup > The decrease in gravitational potential energy of the collapsing core releases a large amount of energy which is on the order of 10 < sup > 46 </ sup > joules ( 100 foes ).

The process may extends to huge sparks — streamers in lightning discharges propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers ' advancing tips.

The intensity of this radiation is spin dependent, which causes polarization of the electron beam — a process known as the Sokolov – Ternov effect.

For example, in the process of electron-positron annihilation the initial state is one electron and one positron, the final state: two photons.

The oxygen then travels through the blood stream to be dropped off at cells where it is utilized as a terminal electron acceptor in the production of ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

In this process the light electron obtains a high velocity so that the temperature of the created electronic gas is much higher ( of the order of thousand K ) than the one of ions and neutrals.

The reverse process to Ionization is recombination, in which a free electron is " captured " by a positive ion, occurs spontaneously.

Ions gradually lose their energy as they travel through the solid, both from occasional collisions with target atoms ( which cause abrupt energy transfers ) and from a mild drag from overlap of electron orbitals, which is a continuous process.

This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample ( for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy ) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample ( for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy ).

The citric acid cycle oxidizes the acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide, and, in the process, produces reduced cofactors ( three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH < sub > 2 </ sub >) that are a source of electrons for the electron transport chain, and a molecule of GTP ( that is readily converted to an ATP ).

Techniques to do this include the process of sputtering, in which an ion beam liberates atoms from a target, allowing them to move through the intervening space and deposit on the desired substrate, and Evaporation ( deposition ), in which a material is evaporated from a target using either heat ( thermal evaporation ) or an electron beam ( e-beam evaporation ) in a vacuum system.

The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called chemiosmosis.

The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen, is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.

Both the electron transport chain and the ATP synthase are embedded in a membrane, and energy is transferred from electron transport chain to the ATP synthase by movements of protons across this membrane, in a process called chemiosmosis.

Chloroplasts capture light energy, store it in the energy storage molecules ATP and NADPH and use it in the process called photosynthesis to make organic molecules and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

* Use a form to capture user input, and then process and respond to that data without having to send data back to the server.

Through the process of photosynthesis, plants capture energy from light and use it to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.

Quoting Gérard de Nerval Art Historian Jean-Yves Heurtebise has further proposed that Dutch mannerism would typically use an otherwise general principle of Art History consisting of " the ability to capture what is different and to become different itself in this process "

Since the creation of heavier nuclei by fusion costs energy, nature resorts to the process of neutron capture.

The heavy elements are created by either a slow neutron capture process ( the so-called s process ) or by the rapid, or r process.

In addition to its role in ribosomal biogenesis, the nucleolus is known to capture and immobilize proteins, a process known as nucleolar sequestration.

Xerophytes, such as cacti and most succulents, also use PEP carboxylase to capture carbon dioxide in a process called Crassulacean acid metabolism ( CAM ).

Even though some nuclides that decay by the process of electron capture, such as beryllium-7, strontium-85, and zirconium-89, are not fully suitable for radiometric dating because their decay rate may be slightly affected by local electron density, in general, the half-life of a nuclide depends solely on its nuclear properties and is essentially a constant.

All living cells use such fuels and oxidize the hydrogen and carbon to capture the sun's energy and reform water and CO < sub > 2 </ sub > in the process ( cellular respiration ).

Darius fled so far so fast, that Alexander was able to capture Darius ’ s headquarters, and take Darius ’ s family as prisoners in the process.

Heavier elements can be assembled within stars by a neutron capture process known as the s process or in explosive environments, such as supernovae, by a number of processes.

The creation of free neutrons by electron capture during the rapid compression of the supernova core along with assembly of some neutron-rich seed nuclei makes the r process a primary process ; namely, one that can occur even in a star of pure H and He, in contrast to the B2FH designation as a secondary process.

While it is not impossible that some binaries might be created through gravitational capture between two single stars, given the very low likelihood of such an event ( three objects are actually required, as conservation of energy rules out a single gravitating body capturing another ) and the high number of binaries, this cannot be the primary formation process.

Unlike other economic growth theories, his approach explains growth by innovation as a process of creative destruction, which captures the dual nature of technological progress: in terms of creation, entrepreneurs introduce new products or processes in the hope that they will enjoy temporary monopoly-like profits as they capture markets.

These systems enabled an organization to capture faxes and forms, to save copies of the documents as images, and to store the image files in the repository for security and quick retrieval ( retrieval made possible because the system handled the extraction of the text from the document in the process of capture, and the text-indexer function provided text-retrieval capabilities ).

An approach that has appealed to some choreographers is reminiscent of Charles Olson's statement of the process of projective verse: `` one perception must immediately and directly lead to a further perception ''.

In its place is a passionate consciousness grasped and molded to feelings of positive or negative values even as the actions of one's life are determined by constellations of process in which one is caught.

Within institutions there is a marked decline of the process of persuasion and the substitution of a force-fear process which masquerades as the earlier one of persuasion.

Long-lived carbon-14 from the fusion process would cause four million embryonic, neonatal or childhood deaths and stillbirths over the next 20 generations, and between 200,000 and one million human beings now living would have their lives cut short by radiation-produced diseases such as leukemia.

The medical title of `` Lobar Ventilation In Man '' by Drs. C. J. Martin and A. C. Young, covers a brief paper which is one part of a much larger effort to apply electronics to the study of the respiratory process.

On the other hand, the process of obsoleting an old product and introducing the new one is usually mighty expensive.

Being a strictly physiological procedure, one may expect from such a study additional information on the nature of the emotional process itself.

The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function, though a latent one, of the process of maintaining the boundary.

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group, systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit.

An optimal policy is one which in some sense gets the best out of the process as a whole by maximizing the value of the product.

The process in which the outcome of any one stage is known only statistically is also of interest, although for chemical reactor design it is not as important as the deterministic process.

If we consider a process in which the outcome of one stage is known before passage to the next, then the principle of optimality shows that the policy in subsequent stages should be optimal with respect to the outcome of the first.

Any animal could when travelin' fast, be sent heels over head by the simple process of overtakin' the brute, seizin' its tail, and givin' the latter a pull to one side.

Volker Wangenheim, who conducted Bonn's Stadtisches Orchester on the following evening, made one more conscious of the process of interpretation.

; Lack-of-fit error: Error that occurs when the analysis omits one or more important terms or factors from the process model.

Since the evolution of the Aramaic alphabet out of the Phoenician one was a gradual process, the division of the world's alphabets into those derived from the Phoenician one directly and those derived from Phoenician via Aramaic is somewhat artificial.

His report of life there covers a wide range of topics, such as marriage in heaven ( where all angels are married ), children in heaven ( where they are raised by angel parents ), time and space in heaven ( there are none ), the after-death awakening process in the World of Spirits ( a place halfway between Heaven and Hell and where people first wake up after death ), the allowance of a free will choice between Heaven or Hell ( as opposed to being sent to either one by God ), the eternity of Hell ( one could leave but would never want to ), and that all angels or devils were once people on earth.

This process would be repeated manually for each of the equations, which would result in a system of equations with one fewer variable.

This ensures that ΔG and ΔH are nearly the same over a considerable range of temperatures and justifies the approximate empirical Principle of Thomsen and Berthelot, which states that the equilibrium state to which a system proceeds is the one which evolves the greatest amount of heat, i. e. an actual process is the most exothermic one.

As a result of the tokenizing process, programmers could not use any variable name that had the name of one of the BASIC commands ( e. g. a person could not use the name " SCORE " because the " OR " would invoke a disjunction operator, and " BACKGROUND " could similarly not be used because " GR " would invoke the low-resolution graphics system ; both would create syntax errors ).