* Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, a classical composer and son of Johann Sebastian Bach

The best known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven ; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Soler, Antonio Salieri, François Joseph Gossec, Johann Stamitz, Carl Friedrich Abel, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck.

Telemann was one of the most prolific composers in history ( at least in terms of surviving oeuvre ) and was considered by his contemporaries to be one of the leading German composers of the time — he was compared favorably both to his friend Johann Sebastian Bach, who made Telemann the godfather and namesake of his son Carl Philipp Emanuel, and to George Frideric Handel, whom Telemann also knew personally.

Bach in Leipzig, such as Wilhelm Friedmann Bach, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach and Johann Friedrich Agricola, as well as those composers who performed under his direction in Leipzig ( Christoph Graupner, Johann David Heinichen and Johann Georg Pisendel ), composers of the Berlin lieder school, and finally, his numerous pupils, none of whom, however, became major composers.

Rapp became inspired by the philosophies of Jakob Böhme, Philipp Jakob Spener, Johann Heinrich Jung, and Emanuel Swedenborg, among others, and later wrote Thoughts on the Destiny of Man, published in German in 1824 and in English a year later, in which he outlined his ideas and philosophy.

* 1834 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor ( d. 1874 )

* 1721 – Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar ( d. 1740 )

Johann Philipp Abelin was a German chronicler whose career straddled the 16th and 17th centuries.

He wrote numerous histories under the pseudonyms of Abeleus, Philipp Arlanibäus, Johann Ludwig Gottfried and Gotofredus.

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In 1819 – 1820, Johann Baptist von Spix and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius were engaged in an expedition to Brazil, and on their return to Europe, amongst other collections of natural objects they brought home an important set of the fresh water fish of Brazil, and especially of the Amazon River.

In 1721-3 a south-westwards expansion of Friedrichstadt was planned under the orders of King Frederick William I, and this was completed in 1732-4 by architect Johann Philipp Gerlach ( 1679 – 1748 ).

After all, it had been planned and built all in one go by Johann Philipp Gerlach.

Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Edison, among others, have all been credited with pioneering work on the telephone.

* 26 October 1861 — Johann Philipp Reis ( 1834 – 1874 ) publicly demonstrated the Reis telephone before the Physical Society of Frankfurt.

* January 7 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor ( d. 1874 )

* May 15 – Johann Philipp Stadion, Count von Warthausen, statesman ( b. 1763 )

* October 5 – Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar ( b. 1721 )

* January 10 – Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar ( d. 1740 )

The term was introduced into optics by Johann Heinrich Lambert in his 1760 work Photometria.

Therefore it was a major landmark when in 1865 Johann Josef Loschmidt measured the size of the molecules that make up air.

Aventinus, whose name was real name is Johann or Johannes Turmair ( Aventinus being the Latin name of his birthplace ) wrote the Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany and the first major written work on the subject.

This close approximation to the modern value of − 273. 15 ° C for the zero of the air-thermometer was further improved upon in 1779 by Johann Heinrich Lambert, who observed that − 270 ° C might be regarded as absolute cold.

From 1847 he was engaged in editing the Handwörterbuch der reinen und angewandten Chemie ( Dictionary of Pure and Applied Chemistry ) edited by Justus von Liebig, Wöhler, and Johann Christian Poggendorff, and he also wrote an important textbook.

After its introduction on Plancius's globe, the first known depiction of the constellation in a celestial atlas was in Johann Bayer's Uranometria of 1603, where it was called " Apis Indica ".

His musical theory training in harmony and counterpoint was rooted in Johann Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum, which Salieri translated during each Latin lesson.

), Moritz Count von Dietrichstein, Heinrich Eduard Josef Baron von Lannoy, Ignaz Franz Baron von Mosel, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Ignaz Moscheles, and the eight-year-old Franz Liszt ( although it seems Liszt was not invited personally, but his teacher Czerny arranged for him to be involved ).

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

Antares B can be observed with a small telescope for a few seconds during lunar occultations while Antares itself is hidden by the Moon ; it was discovered by Johann Tobias Bürg during one such occultation on April 13, 1819.

Anthony ( Dresden, 27 December 1755 – Dresden, 6 June 1836 ), also known by his German name Anton ( full name: Anton Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann Nepomuk Franz Xavier Aloys Januar ), was a King of Saxony ( 1827 – 1836 ) from the House of Wettin.

Eventually it was discovered that metallic zinc could be alloyed with copper to make brass ; a process known as speltering and by 1657 the German chemist Johann Glauber had recognised that calamine was " nothing else but unmeltable zinc " and that zinc was a " half ripe metal.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

At the same time the new craft of printing was introduced to Basel by apprentices of Johann Gutenberg.

Johann Froben also operated his printing house in Basel and was notable for publishing works by Erasmus.

In 1544, Johann von Brugge a rich Dutch Protestant refugee was given citizenship and lived respectfully until his death in 1556 then buried with honors.

Somewhat younger than the others, though equally accomplished because of his youthful study under Mozart and his native virtuosity, was Johann Nepomuk Hummel.

The planet Neptune was discovered in Capricornus by German astronomer Johann Galle, near Deneb Algedi ( δ Capricorni ) on September 23, 1846, which is appropriate as Capricornus can be seen best from Europe at 4: 00am in September.

He was soon appointed chief of staff of Johann von Thielmann's III Corps.

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (;, ) ( 30 April 177723 February 1855 ) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.

The phlogiston theory was proposed in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher.