Modern techniques using excimer laser lithography already print features with dimensions a fraction of the wavelength of light used-an amazing optical feat.

Modern regional structure is being investigated using seismic tomography and seismic reflection in three dimensions, providing unrivaled images of the Earth's interior, its faults and the deep crust.

Modern CAD packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a designed object from any desired angle, even from the inside looking out.

Modern rackets have maximum dimensions of 686 mm ( 27. 0 in ) long and 215 mm ( 8. 5 in ) wide, with a maximum strung area of 500 square centimetres ( 90 sq in ), the permitted maximum mass is, but most have a mass between 110 and 200 grams ( 4-7 oz.

Modern calculations show that the dimensions and fourteen-sided layout were dictated by the use of the standard 16th-century measure of one rod as a base and the carpenter's " rule of thumb " method of dividing a circle into seven equal parts, subdivided.

Modern 1 and 5 centésimos and, ¼ and ½ balboa coins are the same weight, dimensions and composition as the U. S. cent, nickel, dime, quarter and half-dollar, respectively.

In turn, the classical languages continued, Latin evolved into the Romance languages and Ancient Greek into Modern Greek and its dialects.

Modern deists believe that they must continue what the classical deists started and continue to use modern human knowledge to come to understand God, which in turn is why a human-like God that can lead to numerous contradictions and inconsistencies is no longer believed in and has been replaced with a much more abstract conception.

Medieval Greek is a cover phrase for a whole continuum of different speech and writing styles, ranging from vernacular continuations of spoken Koine that were already approaching Modern Greek in many respects, to highly learned forms imitating classical Attic.

The tradition of diglossia, the simultaneous existence of vernacular and archaizing written forms of Greek, was renewed in the modern era in the form of a polarization between two competing varieties: Dimotiki, the vernacular form of Modern Greek proper, and Katharevousa, meaning ' purified ', an imitation of classical Greek, which was developed in the early 19th century and used for literary, juridic, administrative and scientific purposes in the newly formed modern Greek state.

Modern literature in German begins with the authors of the Enlightenment ( such as Herder ) and reaches its classical form at the turn of the 18th century with Weimar Classicism ( Goethe and Schiller ).

Modern sociology largely originated from this movement and Hume's philosophical concepts that directly influenced James Madison ( and thus the U. S. Constitution ) and when popularised by Dugald Stewart, would be the basis of classical liberalism.

An article in The Modern Language Journal discusses the classical ones, such as:

* The commentary by Rabbi Pinhas Kehati, which is written in Modern Israeli Hebrew and based on classical and contemporary works, has become popular in the late Twentieth Century.

When a student is taking western classical music lessons, music teachers often spend some time explaining the different eras of western classical music, such as the Baroque era, the Classical era, the Romantic era, and the Modern era, because each era is associated with different styles of music and different performance practice techniques.

Modern teachings continue to reference these rhetorical leaders and their work in discussions of classical rhetoric and persuasion.

Katharevousa Greek was constructed as a form of Modern Greek drawing on classical Greek morphology and vocabulary in an attempt to purify the existing demotic Greek.

Modern steganography entered the world in 1985 with the advent of the personal computer being applied to classical steganography problems.

Other prominent academics associated with the University include Geoffrey Bennington, the creator of the MA programme in Modern French Thought ( Derrida, Lyotard ); Homi K. Bhabha ( postcolonialism ); Rachel Bowlby ( feminism, Woolf, Freud ); Geoff Cloke FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Jonathan Dollimore ( Renaissance literature, gender and queer studies ); Katy Gardner ( social anthropology ); Gabriel Josipovici ( Dante, the Bible ); Michael Land FRS ( Animal Vision-Frink Medal )); Michael Lappert FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry ); Alan Lehmann FRS ( Genetics and Genome Stability ); ( Laura Marcus ( Woolf ); John Murrell FRS ( Theoretical Chemistry ); Peter Nicholls ( Pound, modernism ); John Nixon FRS ( Inorganic Chemistry )); Laurence Pearl FRS ( Structural Biology ); Guy Richardson FRS ( Neuroscience ); Jacqueline Rose ( feminism, psychoanalysis ); Nicholas Royle ( modern literature and theory ; deconstruction ); Alan Sinfield ( Shakespeare, sexuality, queer theory ); Norman Vance ( Victorian, classical reception ); Richard Whatmore & Knud Haakonssen ( intellectual historians ); Gavin Ashenden ( Senior Lecturer in English, University Chaplain, and Chaplain to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II ; Cedric Watts ( Conrad, Greene ); Marcus Wood ( postcolonialism ).

Furthermore, as some critics have argued, the abandoning of the classical way of doing cinema and so the starting point of the Nouvelle Vague and the Modern Cinema can be found in the post world-war II Italian cinema and in the neorealism experiences.

Modern Orthodox rabbinical students, such as those at Yeshiva University, study some elements of modern theology or philosophy, as well as the classical rabbinic works on such subjects.

Modern reproduction of the classical Doric order.

The classical period of witchhunts in Europe and North America falls into the Early Modern period or about 1480 to 1750, spanning the upheavals of the Reformation and the Thirty Years ' War, resulting in an estimated 40, 000 to 60, 000 executions.

There is no way to verify the figures reported by Roman historiographers, but if they are taken at face value, the scale of the witch-hunts in the Roman Republic in relation to the population of Italy at the time far exceeded anything that took place during the " classical " witch-craze in Early Modern Europe.

The malleus gets its name from Latin malleus, meaning " hammer ", the Incus gets its name from Latin Incus meaning " anvil " from incudere meaning " to forge with a hammer ", and the Stapes gets its name from Modern Latin " stirrup ," probably an alteration of Late Latin Stapia related to stare " to stand " and pedem, an accusative of pes " foot ", so called because the bone is shaped like a stirrup-this was an invented Modern Latin word for " stirrup ," for which there was no classical Latin word, as the ancients did not use stirrups.

Khan reluctantly accepted and performed with tabla ( percussion ) player Chatur Lal in the Museum of Modern Art, and he later became the first Indian classical musician to perform on American television and record a full raga performance, for Angel Records.

Modern philosophy has generally denied the possibility of knowledge independent of the senses, and Immanuel Kant gave this point of view its classical version, saying that the noumenal world may exist, but it is completely unknowable to humans.

A final point is thatalthough characters have remained roughly the same since the Han dynasty and some classical grammar is still part of the core curriculum of Chinese secondary schoolsvocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation have all changed from Old to Middle to Modern Chinese even within the prestige dialects.

Notable jazz bassists from the 1940s to the 1950s included bassist Jimmy Blanton ( 1918 – 1942 ) whose short tenure in the Duke Ellington Swing band ( cut short by his death from tuberculosis ) introduced new melodic and harmonic solo ideas for the instrument ; bassist Ray Brown ( 1926 – 2002 ), known for backing Beboppers Dizzy Gillespie, Oscar Peterson, Art Tatum and Charlie Parker, and forming the Modern Jazz Quartet ; hard bop bassist Ron Carter ( born 1937 ), who has appeared on 3, 500 albums make him one of the most-recorded bassists in jazz history, including LPs by Thelonious Monk and Wes Montgomery and many Blue Note Records artists ; and Paul Chambers ( 1935 – 1969 ), a member of the Miles Davis Quintet ( including the landmark modal jazz recording Kind of Blue ) and many other 1950s and 1960s rhythm sections, was known for his virtuosic improvisations.

Modern instruments with 15 or fewer strings are generally more closely modeled on traditional shapes, and form a category of instrument known as small kantele, in contrast to the modern concert kantele.

Modern meters may be interfaced with a personal computer by IrDA links, RS-232 connections, USB, or an instrument bus such as IEEE-488.

Modern uses are largely restricted to small items, particularly musical instrument parts, including black piano and harpsichord keys, violin, viola, guitar, double bass, and cello fingerboards, tailpieces, pegs, chinrests, and bow frogs.

He held the regius professorship of Modern History at Oxford from 1858 to 1866, that “ ancient history, besides the still unequalled excellence of the writers, is the ‘ best instrument for cultivating the historical sense .” As a historian, indeed, he left no abiding work ; the multiplicity of his interests prevented him from concentrating on any one subject.

Modern reconstruction of a Vielle depicted in a painting by Hans MemlingThe vielle () is a European bowed stringed instrument used in the Medieval period, similar to a modern violin but with a somewhat longer and deeper body, five ( rather than four ) gut strings, and a leaf-shaped pegbox with frontal tuning pegs.

Modern products such as the Trek II UC-1A allow any instrument with a jack plug connection to use a variety of Leslie speakers.

Modern aircraft employing glass cockpit instrument systems employ two airspeed indicators: an electronic indicator on the primary flight data panel and a traditional mechanical instrument for use if the electronic panels fail.

Modern consumer behaviour research methods often deal in aggregates that average out income levels and are too blunt an instrument to capture these specific situations.

Modern hobbing machines, also known as hobbers, are fully automated machines that come in many sizes, because they need to be able to produce anything from tiny instrument gears up to diameter marine gears.

Modern Native American flutes are generally tuned to a variation of the minor pentatonic scale ( such as you would get playing the black keys on a piano ), which gives the instrument its distinctive plaintive sound.

Modern langeleiks are somewhat curved, being wider at the middle, as it is the experience of modern instrument makers that this makes the instrument sound louder.

Modern variations of the instrument may have more than the traditional array of 15 tines, with as many as four fully chromatic octaves, making the playing of more complex music possible.

Modern adaptions of this instrument include Meinl Percussion foot pedal.

Modern copies of the Linz instrument have a smoother sound and reach the high notes more easily, this is even more the case for modern copies of the Denner instrument.

Modern tonbak players are exponentially expanding the techniques used in playing the instrument.

Modern Wolof musicians have incorporated instruments usually associated with the neighboring Serer, Fula and Mandinka, including the Fula flute, the Mandinka balafon, the Maures tabla drums, the Mandinka kora ( a West African harp ), the riiti ( a Fula single-stringed bowed instrument ), the Serer instruments i. e. tama, the sabar, the junjung, and the Serer motifs and genres i. e. mbalax ( from Serer-njuup ), mbeng mbeng, baka, tassou, etc.

He is probably best known as the trumpet and Horn ( instrument ) player in the 1980s Pop group Modern Romance, who had a string of Top 40 hits from 1981 – 83, and made many guest appearances on TV shows such as the BBC programme Top of the Pops.

Modern historians acknowledge the importance of distinguishing specifically which instrument a composer intended.

Modern forms of the instrument have three or four strings made of steel ( or steel-wrapped nylon ), each tuned to a different pitch.

Modern harpsichord playing can be roughly divided into three eras, beginning with the career of the influential reviver of the instrument, Wanda Landowska.