Sometimes a language that has changed so much that linguists describe it as a different language ( or different stage ) is called " extinct ", as in the case of Old English, a forerunner of Modern English.

Modern English nouns distinguish only one case from the nominative, the possessive case, which some linguists argue is not a case at all, but a clitic ( see the entry for genitive case for more information ).

Although most linguists acknowledge that Modern Standard Hindi-Urdu descended from Khariboli, the precise mechanism of dialectical changes from Khari to the prestige dialect ( such as the loss of gemination which is so prevalent in Khari ) lacks consensus.

For hand-picked lists of linguists, see List of linguists and Modern linguists.

Category: Early Modern linguists

Category: Early Modern linguists

Category: Early Modern linguists

Modern linguists are uncertain on the classification of Paeonian, due to the extreme scarcity of materials we have on this language.

The name Ximenes itself is thought to derive as both surname and place name from the common Iberian territory of Galicia, since Lusophone linguists believe the Galician language is the forebear of both Modern Portuguese and Modern Spanish.

Category: Early Modern linguists

Modern warfare was born in this campaign -- periscopes, camouflage, booby traps, land mines, extended order, trench raids, foxholes, armored cars, night attacks, flares, sharpshooters in trees, interlaced vines and treetops, which were the forerunners of barbed wire, trip wires to thwart a cavalry charge, which presaged the mine trap, and the general use of anesthetics.

Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for users who had lost the use of speech following surgical procedures.

Modern textbooks that do not use the language of schemes:

Modern genetics has made clear that the lack of use does not, in itself, necessitate a feature's disappearance.

Modern barter and trade has evolved considerably to become an effective method of increasing sales, conserving cash, moving inventory, and making use of excess production capacity for businesses around the world.

Modern returning boomerangs can be of various shapes or sizes as can be seen in a photo in the Modern use section.

Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.

Modern biotechnology is often associated with the use of genetically altered microorganisms such as E. coli or yeast for the production of substances like synthetic insulin or antibiotics.

Modern imaging systems like PostScript, Asymptote, Metafont, and SVG use Bézier splines composed of cubic Bézier curves for drawing curved shapes.

Modern concrete wall systems use both external insulation and thermal mass to create an energy-efficient building.

Modern theoretical studies involve the use of numerical computation of electronic structure and mathematical tools to understand phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity, topological phases and gauge symmetries.

Modern historians sometimes call him " Robert the Consul ", for that reason, though he himself and his contemporaries did not use that name.

Modern military camouflage makes use of # Disruptive patterning | disruptively patterned equipment, face paint and natural materials

Modern clutches typically use a compound organic resin with copper wire facing or a ceramic material.

Modern VLSI processors instead use matrices of field effect transistors to build the ROM and / or PLA structures used to control the processor as well as its internal sequencer in a microcoded implementation.

Modern carbines use ammunition ranging from that used in light pistols up to powerful rifle cartridges, with the usual exception of high velocity magnum cartridges.

Modern computer buses can use both parallel and bit serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop ( electrical parallel ) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of USB.

Modern vacuum tubes use thermionic emission, in which the cathode is made of a thin wire filament which is heated by a separate electric current passing through it.

Modern crossbow sights often use similar technology to modern firearm sights, such red dot sights and telescopic sights.

The 12 year cycle, including Turkish / Mongolian translations of the animal names ( known as sanawat-e turki سنوات ترکی ,) remained in use for chronology, historiography, and bureaucratic purposes in the Persian and Turkish speaking world from Asia Minor to India and Mongolia throughout the Medieval and Early Modern periods.

Modern methods include the use of lossless data compression for incremental parsing, prediction suffix tree and string searching by factor oracle algorithm ( basically a factor oracle is a finite state automaton constructed in linear time and space in an incremental fashion ).

The massive use of charcoal on an industrial scale in Early Modern Europe was a new type of consumption of western forests ; even in Stuart England, the relatively primitive production of charcoal has already reached an impressive level.

Modern Mongolians still use such bones as shagai, for games and fortunetelling.

In Devonshire a local word for a cist in Modern Cornish is kistvaen.

Even in Modern Tamil, the word for temple is ' க ோ ய ி ல ்', meaning " king's house ".

For instance, the second word of the Arabic name of the festival, has the root F-Ṣ-Ḥ, which given the sound laws applicable to Arabic is cognate to Hebrew P-S-Ḥ, with " Ḥ " realized as in Modern Hebrew and in Arabic.

Modern use in football comes from the earlier sport of rugby, where the word was used in the 19th century.

The Modern English word " fox " is Old English, and comes from the Proto-Germanic word fukh – compare German Fuchs, Gothic fauho, Old Norse foa and Dutch vos.

The personal pronouns of Modern English retain morphological case more strongly than any other word class ( a remnant of the more extensive case system of Old English ).

* The default word order in Biblical Hebrew is VSO, while Modern Hebrew is SVO.

The word Kallisti ( Modern Greek ) written on a golden apple, has become a principal symbol of Discordianism, a post-modernist religion.

Modern historians explain the etymology of the word with Letze, meaning fortification which might have referred to either the remains of a Roman watchtower or to a primitive refuge of the early Middle Ages.

Modern Greek still uses the word " myriad " by itself, but also to form the word for million.

Modern hypertext systems with word and phrase-level linking offer more sophistication in connecting relevant information, but until the rise of wiki and other social software models, modern hypertext systems have rarely imitated Bush in providing individuals with the ability to create personal trails and share them with colleagues-or publish them widely.

In Modern Catalan, as in modern Spanish, sí is usually used as a response, although the language retains the word oi, akin to òc, which is sometimes used at the end of yes-no questions and in higher register also as a positive response.

The word has also spread to Turkish as pide, and Bulgarian, Croatian and Serbian as pita, Albanian as pite and Modern Hebrew pittāh.

The Modern Irish word Samhain is derived from the Old Irish samain, samuin, or samfuin, all referring to 1 November ( latha na samna: ' samhain day '), and the festival and royal assembly held on that date in medieval Ireland ( oenaig na samna: ' samhain assembly ').

The English word true is from Old English ( West Saxon ) ( ge ) tríewe, tréowe, cognate to Old Saxon ( gi ) trûui, Old High German ( ga ) triuwu ( Modern German treu " faithful "), Old Norse tryggr, Gothic triggws, all from a Proto-Germanic * trewwj-" having good faith ".

Modern uses of the word " theory " are derived from the original definition, but have taken on new shades of meaning, still based on the idea that a theory is a thoughtful and rational explanation of the general nature of things.

The word tor ( Cornish tor, Old Welsh twrr, Modern Welsh tŵr, Scots Gaelic tòrr ), meaning hill, is notable for being one of the very few Celtic loanwords to be borrowed into vernacular English before the modern era – such borrowings are mainly words of a geographic or topographical nature.

The word Viking was introduced into Modern English during the 18th-century Viking revival, at which point it acquired romanticised heroic overtones of " barbarian warrior " or noble savage.

But as the word entered the Southern German dialects via Saxony and Westphalia, the word's meaning in Early Modern German became attached to the activities of these courts specifically.

The word " sabbat " itself comes from the witches ' sabbath or sabbat attested to in Early Modern witch trials.

So, the later-imported term became a synonym for the native English word scir () or, in Modern English, shire

In A Dictionary of Modern English Usage ( 1926 ), H. W. Fowler states that applying the word nigger to " others than full or partial negroes " is " felt as an insult by the person described, & betrays in the speaker, if not deliberate insolence, at least a very arrogant inhumanity "; but the second edition ( 1965 ) states: " N. has been described as ' the term that carries with it all the obloquy and contempt and rejection which whites have inflicted on blacks.

It appears in Modern French in the word genre ( type, kind, also genre sexuel ) and is related to the Greek root gen-( to produce ), appearing in gene, genesis, and oxygen.