* Paleosiberian languages

This family of languages is sometimes described as Paleosiberian, a classification that rests on a belief that it represents a strata of Siberian populations that preceded the speakers of the other modern languages of Siberia ( mostly of the Indo-European and Altaic language families ), possibly one that dates back to the Paleolithic era when North America was initially populated.

There is some evidence that the speakers of the Paleosiberian languages such as the Ket language, which is the only surviving member of the Yeniseian family that is not moribund, migrated to their current homeland along the Yenisei River in Central Siberia from an area South of the Altai Mountains in the general vicinity of Mongolia or Northwest China within the last 2500 years or so ( although there is no evidence that this is related to the Altaic languages ).

The only languages which are predominantly found in Europe, North Asia and South Asia and are not part of the language families above are the Basque language spoken in Northern Spain and Southwestern France, the three living language families of the Caucasus mountains ( Northwest Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian and South Caucasian, with the first two sometimes proposed as members of a single North Caucasian language family ), the Paleosiberian languages ( the Yukaghir languages of Central Siberia ( viewed by some linguists as a divergent branch of the Uralic languages ), and the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages of Eastern Siberia, a grouping which sometimes includes the geographically adjacent Nivkh language, although it is sometimes treated as a language isolate, and Yenesian ), and a few South Asian linguistic isolates, such as Burushaski, spoken mostly in isolated pockets of Northern Pakistan, and the two indigenous language families of the Andamanese people ( Great Andamanese and Ongan ), and perhaps Nihali ( spoken in West Central India ).

# REDIRECT Paleosiberian languages

They are sometimes classed among the Paleosiberian languages, a catch-all term for language groups with no identified relationship to one another that are believed to represent remnants of the language map of Siberia prior to the advances of Turkic and Tungusic.

Greenberg also assigns Gilyak ( Nivkh ) and Yukaghir, sometimes classed as " Paleosiberian " languages, to the Eurasiatic family.

Category: Paleosiberian languages

# REDIRECT Paleosiberian languages

Most speak Russian today, and about 10 percent speak their indigenous Nivkh language, which is considered an isolate language, though it is grouped, for convenience, with the Paleosiberian languages.

# REDIRECT Paleosiberian languages

# REDIRECT Paleosiberian languages

# REDIRECT Paleosiberian languages

Category: Paleosiberian languages

# redirect Paleosiberian languages

# redirect Paleosiberian languages

It is possible that the Merkits spoke a Paleosiberian language.

The ethnicity of the Mergids is somewhat obscure ; it is likely that they were Turkic or Mongolic ( related to Mongols, Naimans, Keraits, and Khitan ), but it has also been postulated that they are more closely related to Paleosiberian, such as the Chukchi, or to Tungusic peoples, such as the Manchu and the Evenks.

Ainu is sometimes grouped with the Paleosiberian languages, but this is merely a geographic blanket term for several unrelated language families that were present in Siberia prior to the advances of Turkic and Tungusic languages there.

The Chukchi language ( also known as Chukchee, Luoravetlan, Chukot and Chukcha ; in its own language: ԓыгъоравэтԓьэн йиԓыйиԓ ) is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

9, 000 years ago from which the Dravidian languages and the Paleo-Siberian languages, including Eskimo-Aleut, are also descended.

The total number of speakers of the Paleo-Siberian languages is approximately 23, 000 people.

Four small language families and isolates comprise the Paleo-Siberian languages:

The Ainu languages that are now spoken by Ainu minorities in Hokkaidō ; and were formerly spoken in southern and central Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands ( an area also known as Ezo ), and perhaps northern Honshū island by the Emishi people ( until approximately 1000 CE ), are associated with the founding Jōmon people of Japan from than 14, 000 years ago or earlier, and the Satsumon culture of Hokkaidō, although the Ainu also had contact with the Paleo-Siberian Okhotsk culture whose modern descendants include the Nivkh people ( whose original homeland was mostly occupied by the Tungusic people ), which could have linguistically influenced the Ainu language.

Anthropologically the Evenk belong to the Baikal or Paleo-Siberian group of the Mongolian type, originating from the ancient Paleo-Siberian people of the Yenisei River up to the Okhotsk Sea.

The first inhabitants were Paleo-Siberian hunters who came to Chukotka from Central and East Asia.

The Nganasans are thought to be the descendants of Paleo-Siberian peoples who were culturally assimilated by Samoyedic migrants from the south and went on to absorb various neighboring Tungusic peoples.

The Nganasan are considered by most ethnographers who study them to have arisen as an ethnic group when Samoyedic peoples migrated to the Taymyr Peninsula from the south, encountering Paleo-Siberian peoples living there who they then assimilated into their culture.

Some consider it a Paleo-Siberian language, although that is more a geographic than a linguistic grouping.

While the family is sometimes grouped typologically and geographically as Paleo-Siberian, no external genetic relationship has been widely accepted as proven.

Languages within the Paleo-Siberian group are thought by some to be related to the Na-Dené and Eskimo – Aleut families, which survive in slightly larger numbers in Alaska and northern Canada.

One group of Samoyedic people intermarried with Paleo-Siberian peoples living between the Taz and Yenisei rivers, forming a group that the Soviet ethnographer B. O. Dolgikh refers to as the Samoyed-Ravens.

Another group intermarried with the Paleo-Siberian inhabitants of the Pyasina River and formed another group which he called the Samoyed-Eagles.

While this process occurred, three Asian styles may have influenced North American music across the Bering Strait, all featuring pulsating vocal technique and possibly evident in recent Paleo-Siberian tribes such as Chuckchee, Yukaghir, Koryak.

It can be read among other articles, collected under name Языки мира — Палеоазиатские языки ( Languages of the world — Paleoasian languages ).

The result of this attitude has been the domination of many orthography conferences by such considerations as typographic ' esthetics ', which usually turns out to be nothing more than certain prejudices carried over from European languages.

There are more stems per item in Athabascan, which expresses the fact that the Athabascan languages have undergone somewhat more change in diverging from proto-Athabascan than the Yokuts languages from proto-Yokuts.

( On deduction of one-eighth from 3.46, the stem / item rate becomes 3.03 against 2.75 in equivalent number of languages.

`` Science In Action '', San Francisco's venerable television program, will be seen in Hong Kong this fall in four languages: Mandarin, Cantonese, Chiuchow and English, according to a tip from Dr. Robert C. Miller.

Selections from fifteen countries were sung as solos and duets in a broad range of languages.

Kroeber and Sapir's focus on Native American languages helped establish linguistics as a truly general science and free it from its historical focus on Indo-European languages.

Little work has been done on the Munda languages, which are not well documented ; with their demotion from a primary branch, Proto-Mon – Khmer becomes synonymous with Proto-Austro-Asiatic.

The Runic alphabets were used for Germanic languages from AD 100 to the late Middle Ages.

However this ideal is not normally achieved in practice ; some languages ( such as Spanish and Finnish ) come close to it, while others ( such as English ) deviate from it to a much larger degree.

The pronunciation of a language often evolves independently of its writing system, and writing systems have been borrowed for languages they were not designed for, so the degree to which letters of an alphabet correspond to phonemes of a language varies greatly from one language to another and even within a single language.

These languages are spoken in a wide arc stretching from northeast Asia through Central Asia to Anatolia and eastern Europe ( Turks, Kalmyks ).

The German dialects of South Tyrol have been influenced by local Romance languages, in particular with many loan words from Italian, and Ladin.

The name Anatolia comes from the Greek () meaning the " East " or more literally " sunrise ", comparable to the Latin terms " Levant " or " Orient " ( and words for " east " in other languages ).

The Turkish language and the Islamic religion were gradually introduced as a result of the Seljuk conquest, and this period marks the start of Anatolia's slow transition from predominantly Christian and Indo-European and Semitic-speaking, to predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking ( Although some ethnic groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians and Georgians retained Christianity and their native languages ).

This is because words in Semitic languages are formed from a root consisting of ( usually ) three consonants, the vowels being used to indicate inflectional or derived forms.

The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp.

Some of the French dialects spoken in the French and Swiss Alps derive from Old Provençal ; the German dialects derive from Germanic tribal languages.

Romansh, spoken by two percent of the population in southeast Switzerland, is an ancient Rheato-Romanic language derived from Latin, remnants of ancient Celtic languages and perhaps Etruscan.

Their beliefs and behavior are difficult to decipher from physical materials, and their languages remain unknown as they had no known writing system.

Languages written in the Latin alphabet run from left to right, unlike languages written in the Arabic alphabet.