The Physiologus is a didactic text written or compiled in Greek by an unknown author, in Alexandria ; its composition has been traditionally dated to the 2nd century AD by readers who saw parallels with writings of Clement of Alexandria, who is asserted to have known the text, though Alan Scott has made a case for a date at the end of the third or in the 4th century.

Medieval poetical literature is full of allusions that can be traced to the Physiologus tradition ; the text also exerted great influence on the symbolism of medieval ecclesiastical art: symbols like those of the phoenix rising from its ashes and the pelican feeding her young with her own blood are still well-known.

Explicit, negative judgements occur in the Physiologus, where the animal is depicted as a hermaphrodite and grave robber.

The Bern Physiologus ( Bern, Burgerbibliothek, Codex Bongarsianus 318 ) is a 9th century illuminated copy of the Latin translation of the Physiologus.

It is one of the oldest extant illustrated copies of the Physiologus.

The Bern Physiologus is a relatively rare example of a secular manuscript heavily illustrated with fully painted miniatures, lying in between these two classes, and perhaps produced for the private library of an important individual, as was the Vatican Terence.

* Folio 7 recto: Lion ( Leo ) ( Physiologus, Chapter 1 ; Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, Book XII, ii, 3-6 )

* Folio 9 recto: Panther ( Panther ) ( Physiologus, Chapter 16 ; Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, Book XII, ii, 8-9 )

* Folio 10 recto: Elephant ( Elephans ) ( Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, Book XII, ii, 14 ; Physiologus, Chapter 43 ; Ambrose, Hexaemeron, Book VI, 35 ; Solinus, Collectanea rerum memorabilium, xxv, 1-7 )

* Folio 11 verso: Hyena ( Yena ) ( Physiologus, Chapter 24 ; Solinus, Collectanea rerum memorabilium, xxvii, 23-24 )

* Folio 23 verso: Weasel ( Mustela ) ( Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae, Book XII, iii, 2 ; Physiologus, Chapter 21 )

* Folio 24 verso: Ant ( Formica ) ( Physiologus, 12 ; Ambrose, Hexaemeron, Book VI, 16, 20 )

It was at one time plausible to believe that Cynewulf was author of the Riddles of the Exeter Book, the Phoenix, the Andreas, and the Guthlac ; even famous unassigned poems such as the Dream of the Rood, the Harrowing of Hell, and the Physiologus have at one time been ascribed to him.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

The book was translated into Latin in about 700, and into Ethiopic and Syriac, then into many European and Middle-Eastern languages, and many illuminated manuscript copies such as the Bern Physiologus survive.

Other books associated with the Rheims school include the Utrecht Psalter, which was perhaps the most important of all Carolingian manuscripts, and the Bern Physiologus, the earliest Latin edition of the Christian allegorical text on animals.

Following the Physiologus, Saint Isidore of Seville ( Book XII of the Etymologiae ) and Saint Ambrose expanded the religious message with reference to passages from the Bible and the Septuagint.

The Physiologus consists of descriptions of animals, birds, and fantastic creatures, sometimes stones and plants, provided with moral content.

The predecessor of the medieval bestiary, compiled in Late Antiquity and known as Physiologus ( Φυσιολόγος ), popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn, trapped by a maiden ( representing the Virgin Mary ), stood for the Incarnation.

Folio 12v of the Bern Physiologus.

This is the primary function of the imagination operating in the absence of the original experiential stimulus by which the images were first appropriated.

He is probably our most original composer ; ;

There is, of course, the doctrine of original sin, which asserts that each of us as individuals partakes of the guilt of our first ancestor.

and the doctrine of original sin is compounded of injustice.

If we are to believe the list of titles printed in Malraux's latest book, La Metamorphose Des Dieux, Vol. 1 ( ( 1957 ), he is still engaged in writing a large novel under his original title.

Off-Broadway, where production is still comparatively cheap, is proving itself only slightly more original.

Laudably enough, it is offering classics and off-beat imports, but last week only one U.S. original was on the boards, Robert D. Hock's stunning Civil War work, Borak.

The filing of an original or amended declaration, otherwise due on January 15, 1962, is also waived, if you file your Form 1040 for 1961 and pay the full tax by January 31, 1962.

The original machine, bearing its famous serial number, is still on exhibition at the Brown & Sharpe Precision Center in Providence.

There is a break in continuity just before the fourth variation in the `` Forellen '' movement, and I suspect that this is due to imperfect splicing between sides of the original Aj.

The amount of liquid poured into the chamber is determined by subtracting the quantity still in the beaker when the chamber is full from the original quantity.

Here is an original kedgeree recipe from the Family Club's kitchen:

Its original appearance is shown in an engraving published in the `` Massachusetts Magazine '' in May 1793, which is reproduced herewith ( Fig. 1 ).

Heywood Broun wrote: `` Belle Poitrine is the most original thinker since Caligula '', and even F.D.R. had to concede that `` if the rest of this nation showed the foresight and patriotism of Miss Poitrine, America would rapidly resemble ancient Babylon and Nineveh ''.

When the platform is aligned, the reflected image of the crossed hairs can be seen exactly superimposed upon the original crossed hairs.

The basic mystery of dreams, which embraces all the others and challenges us from even the most common typical dream, is in the fact that they are original, visual continuities.

There is nothing to suggest that the brain can alter past impressions to fit into an original, realistic and unbroken continuity like we experience in dreams.

`` To be creative is to have the ability to cause to exist -- to produce where nothing was before -- to bring forth an original production of human intelligence or power ''.

But because teeth sometimes may drift back to their original position, a retaining appliance is used to lock them in place.

The Pantheon's interior, still in its original form, is truly majestic and an architectural triumph.

Pennsylvania Avenue, named for one of the original 13 states, perhaps is not the most impressive street in the District of Columbia from a commercial standpoint.