** Pope Stephen I

Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

Autpert's election as abbot caused internal dissent at St. Vicenzo, and both Pope Stephen III and Charlemagne intervened.

While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar.

On his return to Germany, he exercised very little further control in Italy for the rest of his life, although his agents in Rome did not prevent the accession of Pope Stephen VI in 896.

All kings supported King John of England ’ s defiance of Pope Innocent III ninety years after the Concordat of Worms in the matter concerning Stephen Langton.

In accordance with the decision of Pope Stephen, we declare that lay persons, no matter how devout they may be, have no

L-R: Judah P. Benjamin, Stephen Mallory, Christopher Memminger, Alexander Stephens, LeRoy Pope Walker, Jefferson Davis, John H. Reagan and Robert Toombs.

In 816, Pope Stephen IV, who had succeeded Leo III, visited Reims and again crowned Louis.

The original publication of the Liber Pontificalis stopped with Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) or Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ), but it was later supplemented in a different style until Pope Eugene IV ( 1431 – 1447 ) and then Pope Pius II ( 1458 – 1464 ).

The modern interpretation, following that of Louis Duchesne, who compiled the major scholarly edition, is that the Liber Pontificalis was gradually and unsystematically compiled, and that the authorship is impossible to determine, with a few exceptions ( e. g. the biography of Pope Stephen II ( 752 – 757 ) to papal " Primicerius " Christopher ; the biographies of Pope Nicholas I and Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) to Anastasius ).

Pope Adrian II ( 867 – 872 ) is the last pope for which there are extant manuscripts of the original Liber Pontificalis: the biographies of Pope John VIII, Pope Marinus I, and Pope Adrian III are missing and the biography of Pope Stephen V ( 885 – 891 ) is incomplete.

Independently, the cardinal-nephew of Pope Adrian IV, Cardinal Boso intended to extend the Liber Pontificalis from where it left off with Stephen V, although his work was only published posthumously as the Gesta Romanorum Pontificum alongside the Liber Censuum of Pope Honorius III.

Another edition, editing the older Liber Pontificalis up to Pope Adrian II and adding Pope Stephen VI, was compiled by Fr.

* 1740 – Pope Pius VII ( d. 1823 )

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VII

Pope Gregory VII canonized Ælfheah in 1078, with a feast day of 19 April.

* 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown ( now Louisville ) by Pope Pius VII.

* 1521 – Pope Urban VII ( d. 1590 )

( Philosophumena, VII, xxiii ) The belief was declared heretical by Pope Victor I.

* Pope Gregory VII ( c 1020 – 85, r. 1073 – 85 )

* Pope Pius VII ( 1742 – 1823, r. 1800 – 23 )

Jacopo Buonaparte was a friend and advisor to Medici Pope Clement VII.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France.

The Concordat of Worms was a part of the larger reforms put forth by many popes, most notably Pope Gregory VII.

Pope Gregory VII began reforms that led to the Concordat of Worms.

The most vocal and strident was Pope Gregory VII.

This was known as the Gregorian Reform, which takes its name from Pope Gregory VII, ( 1073 – 85 ).

Henry IV begging forgiveness of Pope Gregory VII at Canossa, the castle of the Countess Matilda, 1077.

The rebellious nobles in Germany who were interested in deposing Henry IV never forgave Pope Gregory VII for what they viewed as treachery.

The struggle over investiture between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor had dramatized the clash between church and state.

When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters.

The Pope Pius VII came to sit for the painting, and actually blessed David.

File: Jacques-Louis_David_018. jpg | Portrait of Pope Pius VII ( 1805 ), Musée du Louvre, Paris

Then, in the time of Pope Gregory VII ( 1073 – 1085 ), canonists who in the Investiture Controversy quoted the prohibition in canon 22 of the Council of Constantinople of 869 – 870 against laymen influencing the appointment of prelates elevated this council to the rank of ecumenical council.

One of the most famous Imperial coronation ceremonies was that of Napoleon, crowning himself Emperor in the presence of Pope Pius VII ( who had blessed the regalia ), at the Notre Dame de Paris | Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The painting by Jacques-Louis David | David commemorating the event is equally famous: the gothic cathedral restyled Empire ( style ) | style Empire, supervised by the Letizia Ramolino | mother of the Emperor on the balcony ( a fictional addition, while she had not been present at the ceremony ), the pope positioned near the altar, Napoleon proceeds to crown his then wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais as Empress.

* 1076 – Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1533 he was allowed to accompany Dom Martinho de Portugal to Rome on an embassy to Pope Clement VII, to whom Father Álvares delivered the letter Lebna Dengel had written to the Pope.

* Pope Adrian I ( c. 700-795 )

* Pope Adrian IV ( c. 1100 – 1159 ), English pope

* Pope Adrian V ( c. 1205 – 1276 )

Baldassarre Cossa ( c. 1370 – 21 December 1418 ) was Pope John XXIII ( 1410 – 1415 ) during the Western Schism.

Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

Saint Boniface ( c 680 – 750 ), Pope Gregory I ( c 540 – 604, r. 590 – 604 ), Adalbert of Egmond ( 8th century ), and priest Jeroen van Noordwijk, depicted in a 1529 painting by Jan Joostsz van Hillegom, currently on display at the Frans Hals Museum.

* Pope Sylvester II ( c 946 – 1003, r. 999 – 1003 )

* Pope Victor III ( c 1026 – 87, r. 1086 – 87 )

* St Vergilius of Salzburg ( c. 700 – 784 ), in the middle of the eighth century, discussed or taught some geographical or cosmographical ideas which St Boniface found sufficiently objectionable that he complained about them to Pope Zachary.

* 1276 – Pope Gregory X ( b. c. 1210 )

* 1058 – Pope Stephen IX ( b. c. 1020 )

In c. 405, Pope Innocent I sent a list of the sacred books to a Gallic bishop, Exsuperius of Toulouse.

Pope Pius XII, wearing the traditional 1877 Papal Tiara, is carried through St Peter's Basilica on a sedia gestatoria c. 1955.

Pope Saint Linus ( died c. 76 ) was, according to several early sources, Bishop of the Diocese of Rome after Saint Peter.

Pope Alexander III ( c. 1100 / 1105 – 30 August 1181 ), born Rolando ( or Orlando ) of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181.

Pope Adrian ( c. 700 – 25 December 795 ) was pope from 1 February 772 to 25 December 795.

Pope Adrian IV ( c. 1100 – 1 September 1159 ), born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.

Pope Adrian V ( c. 1210 / 20 – 18 August 1276 ), born Ottobuono de ' Fieschi, was Pope for a short time during the year 1276.

Pope John XXI, born Pedro Julião ( Latin, Petrus Iulianus ( c. 1215 – 20 May 1277 ), a Portuguese often identified with Pedro Hispano ( Latin, Petrus Hispanus ; English, Peter of Spain ), was Pope from 1276 until his death about eight months later.