The National Constitution Committee in Thimphu started drafting the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan in 2001.

In 2008, Bhutan adopted its first modern Constitution, codifying the institutions of government and the legal framework for a democratic multi-party system.

Under Article 20 of the Constitution of Bhutan enacted in 2008, Bhutan's foreign relations fall under the purview of the Druk Gyalpo on the advice of the Executive, namely the Prime Minister and other Ministers of the Lhengye Zhungtshog including the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

The Election Act of 2008 provides for the formation of political parties, provided they register and operate within, and swear to uphold, the Constitution and sovereignty of Bhutan.

Furthermore, other aspects of the Bhutanese legal landscape, from the Constitution to citizenship legislation, shape election-related issues in Bhutan.

** Constitution of Bhutan

The ancient language of Bot people is Bhoti or Ladakhi language one of the richest ancient language of the world. Bhoti language is generally written in Tibetan script. The Bod-Yik / Bhoti language is created by 7th century. Bhoti language is spoken in Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh and part of West Bengal. Bhoti language is also spoken in Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet, China, Mongolia and Pakistan. Bhoti language is not include in the Constitution, but recently The Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council, Leh, passed a resolution for inclusion of Bhoti language in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution without any opposition, on 27 February, 2011.

In 2008, the Constitution of Bhutan codified the substantive and procedural framework of the Royal Court of Justice.

* Constitution of Bhutan

The Parliament of Bhutan has passed several acts regarding law enforcement and criminal law and procedure, namely the National Security Act of 1992, the Civil and Criminal Procedure Code of 2001, the Penal Code of 2004, the Constitution of 2008, and the Prison Act of 2009.

The highest legal authority, the Constitution of Bhutan, prohibits capital punishment.

In addition to administrative functions, Dungkhag Courts were codified under the Judicial Act of 2007 and Constitution of 2008 as a court of first instance within the judicial system of Bhutan.

Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: " The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

Virginia Code section 1-200 establishes the continued existence and vitality of common law principles and provides that " The common law of England, insofar as it is not repugnant to the principles of the Bill of Rights and Constitution of this Commonwealth, shall continue in full force within the same, and be the rule of decision, except as altered by the General Assembly.

For example, the New York Constitution of 1777 provides that:

With the Constitution Act, 1982, amendments to the constitution must be done in accordance with Part V of the Constitution Act, 1982, which provides for five different amending formulae.

The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:

Article 2 of the Constitution of Japan, promulgated in 1947 by influence of the U. S. occupation administration and still in force, provides that " The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial Household Law passed by the Diet.

Guatemala's 1985 Constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

The Constitution provides that a " Governor-General appointed by the Queen shall be Her Majesty's representative in the Commonwealth.

The 1987 Constitution of Honduras provides for a fairly strong executive in some ways, but many powers conceded to the executive elsewhere, are designated duties of the unicameral National Congress.

In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of " one country, two systems ".

:: Example 3 ( semi-presidential republic ): Chapter 4, article 84 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation provides:

Article 104, paragraph 1 of the German Constitution provides that deprivations of liberty may be imposed only on the basis of a specific enabling statute that also must include procedural rules.

In particular, a constitutional obligation to grant remedies for improper detention is required by article 19, paragraph 4 of the Constitution which provides as follows: " Should any person ’ s right be violated by public authority, he may have recourse to the courts.

The Australian Constitution provides that: " 80.

In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Macau has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of " one country, two systems " and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region.

According to the U. S. Department of State, " The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary ; however, the executive branch has exerted undue influence on the judiciary.

The Moroccan Constitution provides for a monarchy with a Parliament and an independent judiciary.

One prominent example of this is found in the United States Constitution, which provides that the President may be impeached and subsequently and removed from office if found guilty by Congress for " high crimes and misdemeanors ".

Article 58. 1 of the April 18, 1999, Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation ( official, French version ) provides that " Switzerland has an army.

The 1954 PRC Constitution provides that the State Chairman ( President ) directs the armed forces and made the State Chairman the chair of the Defense Commission ( the Defense Commission is an advisory body, it does not lead the armed forces ).

** Lack of voting representation in either House of the U. S. Congress, as the US Constitution provides these rights only to full states.

** The ineligibility of Puerto Rico residents to vote in presidential elections as the U. S. Constitution provides these rights only to states and the District of Columbia.

The Constitution of Ireland provides for a parliamentary system of government, under which the role of the head of state is largely a ceremonial one.

Article I, section 2 of the Constitution states that the House " shall have the sole power of Impeachment ", and Article I, section 3 provides that the " Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments.

The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

John Adams asserted in the Continental Congress' Declaration of Rights that the demands of the colonies were in accordance with their charters, the British Constitution and the common law, and Jefferson appealed in the Declaration of Independence `` to the tribunal of the world '' for support of a revolution justified by `` the laws of nature and of nature's God ''.

It operated on, by and for the people individually just as did the Federal Constitution.

`` we the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common Defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America ''.

`` We the people of the Confederate States, each state acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity -- invoking the favor and the guidance of Almighty God -- do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America ''.

The Georgia Constitution gives the Legislature the power to exempt colleges from property taxation if, among other criteria, `` all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people, and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people ''.

Some eastern Republicans even favored the reelection of Douglas for the Senate in 1858, since he had led the opposition to the Lecompton Constitution, which would have admitted Kansas as a slave state.

Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.

The right to file an appeal can also vary from state to state ; for example, the New Jersey Constitution vests judicial power in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, and other courts of limited jurisdiction, with an appellate court being part of the Superior Court.

The new Constitution provided for a much stronger national government with a chief executive ( the president ), courts, and taxing powers.

In 1905 he ordained the first Ismā ' īlī Constitution for the social governance of the community in East Africa.

Pausanias, the second king of Sparta ( see Spartan Constitution for more information on Sparta's dual monarchy ), was supposed to provide Lysander with reinforcements as they marched into Boeotia, yet failed to arrive in time to assist Lysander, likely because Pausanias disliked him for his brash and arrogant attitude towards the Spartan royalty and government.

The Australian Constitution, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy.

This inference is supported by the date of the building of the 200 triremes for the war against Aegina on the advice of Themistocles, which is given in the Constitution of Athens as 483-482 BC.

This is provided for in Article II of the Constitution, which states that the President " shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.

A new constitution was adopted in 2007 ( the Virgin Islands Constitution Order, 2007 ) and came into force when the Legislative Council was dissolved for the 2007 general election.

According to the Tarnovo Constitution, all men between 21 and 40 years of age were eligible for military service.

After the Revolution of November 1918 and the establishment of the Weimar Constitution, women were given the right to vote for ( and serve in ) the Reichstag, and the parliament could use the no-confidence vote to force the chancellor or any cabinet member to resign.

Therefore hit points ( which increase with experience in D & D ) were based on the average of Size and Constitution and were functionally static for the life of the character.

The Constitution established: the security of the community, religious freedoms, the role of Medina as a haram or sacred place ( barring all violence and weapons ), the security of women, stable tribal relations within Medina, a tax system for supporting the community in time of conflict, parameters for exogenous political alliances, a system for granting protection of individuals, a judicial system for resolving disputes, and also regulated the paying of Blood money ( the payment between families or tribes for the slaying of an individual in lieu of lex talionis ).